Novel compounds and compositions as cathepsin inhibitors

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to novel cathepsin S inhibitors, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and N-oxides thereof, their uses as therapeutic agents and the methods of their making.

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 10/035,783, filed on Dec. 24, 2001, which claims priority fromU.S. Provisional Application 60/257,603 filed on Dec. 22, 2000. The twoapplications, 10/035,783 and 60/257,603, are incorporated herein byreference.

This application relates to compounds and compositions for treatingdiseases associated with cysteine protease activity, particularlydiseases associated with activity of cathepsin S and the processes ofmaking the compounds.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIELD

Cysteine proteases represent a class of peptidases characterized by thepresence of a cysteine residue in the catalytic site of the enzyme.Cysteine proteases are associated with the normal degradation andprocessing of proteins. The aberrant activity of cysteine proteases,e.g., as a result of increased expression or enhanced activation,however, may have pathological consequences. In this regard, certaincysteine proteases are associated with a number of disease states,including arthritis, muscular dystrophy, inflammation, tumor invasion,glomerulonephritis, malaria, periodontal disease, metachromaticleukodystrophy and others. An increase in cathepsin S activitycontributes to the pathology and/or symptomatology of a number ofdiseases. Accordingly, molecules that inhibit the activity of cathepsinS protease are useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment of suchdiseases.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This application relates to compounds that inhibit the enzymaticactivity of Cathapsin S and have a backbone structure of formula I, IIor III:

where A¹ is —O—, —N(R)— or —SO₂—;

A² is —H, —F, —OH, or —O—R;

A³ is —C(O)—X³ or cyano; and

X², X³, X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and R are chemical groups or radicals.

The compounds of the present invention also include closely relatedisomers and derivatives that are made from the compounds of the aboveFormulae. They include, but not limited to, the N-oxide derivatives,prodrug derivatives, protected derivatives, individual isomers andmixture of isomers of the compounds, and the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts and solvates of such compounds. For the purpose of thisapplication, “a related chemical entity” of Formula I, II or III meansan N-oxide derivative, a produg derivative, a protected derivative, anindividual isomer, a mixture of isomers, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt or solvate, of a compound of Formula I, II or III.

In one aspect of the present invention, the inventive point is thebackbone structures of Formulae I and II themselves, wherein thesubstituents at the X², X³, X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ positions can be any chemicalgroups or radicals which may be substituted at those positions (orgeneral substituents as defined hereinafter), including thosesubstitutions made possible by any conventional means or by any newtechnologies developed in the future. For the purpose of thisapplication, a substituent stated in a claim that does not serve as aclaim element or limitation of the claim is referred to as a “generalsubstituents.”

In another aspect of the invention, the inventive point is the backbonestructures of Formula I and II plus popular substituents at the X², X³,X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ positions. For the purpose of this application, “a popularsubstituent” means a chemical group or radical which people of ordinaryskill in the art, by using the specific substitutions disclosedhereinafter as guidance, would deem practical to substitute at X², X³,X⁴, X⁵ or X⁷ without undue experimentation in practicing the presentinvention.

In another aspect of the invention, the inventive point is the backbonestructures of Formula I and II plus specific substituents disclosedhereinafter at the X², X³, X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ positions.

Another aspect of the invention is a compound of Formula III, wherein A¹is —O—, —N(R)— or —SO₂—, A² is —H, —F, —OH, or —O—R, A³ is cyano or—C(O)—X³, and X², X³, X⁴, X⁷ and R are general substituents.

Another aspect of the invention is a method for treating a disease in ananimal in which inhibition of cathepsin S can prevent, inhibit orameliorate the pathology and/or symptomatology of the disease, whichmethod comprises administering to the animal a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of the present invention.

Another aspect of the invention are the processes for preparingcompounds of Formulae I, II and III.

DEFINITIONS

“Isomers”, as used in this disclosure, mean compounds of Formulae I, IIand III having identical molecular formulae but differ in the nature orsequence of bonding of their atoms or in the arrangement of their atomsin space. Isomers that differ in the arrangement of their atoms in spaceare termed “stereoisomers”. Stereoisomers that are not mirror images ofone another are termed “diastereomers” and stereoisomers that arenonsuperimposable mirror images are termed “enantiomers” or sometimes“optical isomers”. A carbon atom bonded to four nonidenticalsubstituents is termed a “chiral center”. A compound, which has onechiral center has two enantiomeric forms of opposite chirality. A“racemic mixture” contains both enantiomers as a 1:1 ratio. However, interms of this application a racemic mixture has been employed when bothenantiomers were present irrespective of their ratios. A compound thathas more than one chiral center has 2^(n-1) enantiomeric pairs, where nis the number of chiral centers. Compounds with more than one chiralcenter may exist as either an individual diastereomer or as a mixture ofdiastereomers, termed a “diastereomeric mixture”. When one chiral centeris present a stereoisomer may be characterized by the absoluteconfiguration of that chiral center. Absolute configuration refers tothe arrangement in space of the substituents attached to the chiralcenter. Enantiomers are characterized by the absolute configuration oftheir chiral centers and described by the R— and S-sequencing rules ofCahn, Ingold and Prelog. Conventions for stereochemical nomenclature,methods for the determination of stereochemistry and the separation ofstereoisomers are well known in the art (e.g., see “Advanced OrganicChemistry”, 4th edition, March, Jerry, John Wiley & Sons, New York,1992). It is understood that the names and illustrations used in thisdisclosure to describe compounds of Formulae I, II, and III are meant toencompass all possible stereoisomers. Thus, for example, the name2-cyclohexylmethyl-N-[1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramideis meant to include(R)-2-cyclohexylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramideand(S)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-N-[(R)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramideand any mixture, racemic or otherwise, thereof.

“N-oxide derivatives” means derivatives of compounds of Formulae I, IIand III in which nitrogens are in an oxidized state (i.e., N—O) andwhich possess the desired pharmacological activity.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable” means that which is useful in preparing apharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic and neitherbiologically nor otherwise undesirable and includes that which isacceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” means salts of compounds of FormulaeI, II and III which are pharmaceutically acceptable, as defined above,and which possess the desired pharmacological activity. Such saltsinclude acid addition salts formed with inorganic acids such ashydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid,phosphoric acid, and the like; or with organic acids such as aceticacid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid,cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid,malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid,tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, o-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoicacid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methylsulfonic acid, ethanesulfonicacid, 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid,benzenesulfonic acid, p-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid,2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonicacid, 4-methylbicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid, glucoheptonicacid, 4,4′-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid),3-phenylpropionic acid, trimethylacetic acid, tertiary butylacetic acid,lauryl sulfuric acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxynaphthoicacid, salicylic acid, stearic acid, muconic acid and the like.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts also include base addition salts whichmay be formed when acidic protons present are capable of reacting withinorganic or organic bases. Acceptable inorganic bases include sodiumhydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide andcalcium hydroxide. Acceptable organic bases include ethanolamine,diethanolamine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, N-methylglucamine and thelike.

“Prodrug” means a compound which is convertible in vivo by metabolicmeans to a compound of Formula I, II or III. For example an ester of acompound of Formula I, II or III containing a hydroxy group may beconvertible by hydrolysis in vivo to the parent molecule. Alternativelyan ester of a compound of Formula I, II or III containing a carboxygroup may be convertible by hydrolysis in vivo to the parent molecule.Suitable esters of compounds of Formulae I, II and III containing ahydroxy group, are for example acetates, citrates, lactates, tartrates,malonates, oxalates, salicylates, propionates, succinates, fumarates,maleates, methylene-bis-b-hydroxynaphthoates, gentisates, isethionates,di-p-toluoyltartrates, methylsulphonates, ethanesulphonates,benzenesulphonates, p-toluenesulphonates, cyclohexylsulphamates andquinates. Suitable esters of compounds of Formulae I, II and IIIcontaining a carboxy group are, for example, those described by F. J.Leinweber, Drug Metab. Res., 1987, 18, page 379. An especially usefulclass of esters of compounds of Formulae I, II and III containing ahydroxy group, may be formed from acid moieties selected from thosedescribed by Bundgaard et al., J. Med. Chem., 1989, 32, page 2503-2507,and include substituted (aminomethyl)-benzoates, for example,dialkylamino-methylbenzoates in which the two alkyl groups may be joinedtogether and/or interrupted by an oxygen atom or by an optionallysubstituted nitrogen atom, e.g., an alkylated nitrogen atom, moreespecially (morpholino-methyl)benzoates, e.g., 3- or4-(morpholinomethyl)-benzoates, and (4-alkylpiperazin-1-yl)benzoates,e.g., 3- or 4-(4-alkylpiperazin-1-yl)benzoates.

“Protected derivatives” means derivatives of compounds of Formulae I, IIand III in which a reactive site or sites are blocked with protectinggroups. Protected derivatives of compounds of Formulae I, II and III areuseful in the preparation of compounds of Formulae I, II and III or inthemselves may be active cathepsin S inhibitors. A comprehensive list ofsuitable protecting groups can be found in T. W. Greene, ProtectingGroups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999.

“Therapeutically effective amount” means that amount which, whenadministered to an animal for treating a disease, is sufficient toeffect such treatment for the disease.

“Treatment” or “treating” means any administration of a compound of thepresent invention and includes:

(1) preventing the disease from occurring in an animal which may bepredisposed to the disease but does not yet experience or display thepathology or symptomatology of the disease,

(2) inhibiting the disease in an animal that is experiencing ordisplaying the pathology or symptomatology of the diseased (i.e.,arresting further development of the pathology and/or symptomatology),or

(3) ameliorating the disease in an animal that is experiencing ordisplaying the pathology or symptomatology of the diseased (i.e.,reversing the pathology and/or symptomatology).

Nomenclature:

The compounds of Formulae I, II and III and the intermediates andstarting materials used in their preparation are named in accordancewith IUPAC rules of nomenclature in which the characteristic groups havedecreasing priority for citation as the principle group as follows:acids, esters, amides, etc. Alternatively, the compounds are named byAutoNom 4.0 (Beilstein Information Systems, Inc.). For example, acompound having the following structure:

is named(R)-N-[(S)-1-(5-isopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-butyramide

However, it is understood that, for a particular compound referred to byboth a structural formula and a nomenclature name, if the structuralformula and the nomenclature name are inconsistent with each other, thestructural formula takes the precedence over the nomenclature name.

The various features of novelty which characterize the invention arepointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming apart of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention,its operating advantages, and specific objects attained by its use,reference should be made to the following description in which there areillustrated and described preferred embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred Compounds:

One particular group of compounds, as preferred embodiments of thepresent invention, are compounds of Formulae I, II and III,

wherein:

X² is a substituted alkyl motif or a sulfonyl alkyl motif;

X³ is a heterocyclic motif or an amide motif;

X⁴ and X⁷ are independently —H, —R or

or X⁴ and X⁷ taken together with the carbon atom to which both X⁴ and X⁷are attached form a 3-6 membered cycloalkyl group;

X⁵ is —H, —F, —OH or —O—R;

A¹ is —O—, —N(R)— or —SO₂—;

A² is —H, —F, —OH, or —O—R;

A³ is cyano or —C(O)—X³; and

R is an alkyl group with straight or branched-chain containing 1-6carbon atoms.

For the purpose of this application, a heterocyclic motif is:

For the purpose of this application, an amide motif is

For the purpose of this application, a substituted alkyl motif is:

For the purpose of this application, a sulfonyl alkyl motif is:

This group of preferred embodiments also encompasses their relatedchemcial entities as defined above.

Further preferred embodiments are the following compounds:2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl)-amide,4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(5-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyramide,(R)-4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,

(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-N-[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(S)-N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(5-methyl-thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-amide (mixture ofdiastereoisomers),4-Morpholin-4-yl-N-[1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide(mixture of diastereoisomers),

(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-N-[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl-amide,3-Phenylmethanesulfonyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-propionamide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-amide,(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-2-((S)-1-Methoxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-N-[(S)-1-(3-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-2-(2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-2-Cyclopropylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-N-[(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-5-Cyclopropyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-N-[(S)-1-(3-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-2-(1-isobutyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,R)-2-(1-Cyclopropylmethyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-N-[(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-N-[(S)-1-(3-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-2-(2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-2-Cyclopropylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(S)-2-(2-Benzenesulfonyl-ethyl)-N-[(S)-1-(3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(S)-N-[(S)-1-(3-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-[2-(propane-2-sulfonyl)-ethyl]-butyramide,2-(1-Methyl-cyclopentylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-N-[1-(oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-oxo-butyramide,(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid (pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid diethylamide,N-((S)-1-Ethyl-2,3-dioxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyramide,(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid phenethyl-amide,(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid (2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amide,N-(1-Cyano-cyclopropyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyramide,and their related chemical entities.

Pharmacology and Utility:

The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of cathepsin S and, assuch, are useful for treating diseases in which cathepsin S activitycontributes to the pathology and/or symptomatology of the disease. Forexample, the compounds of the invention may be useful in treatingautoimmune disorders, including, but not limited to, juvenile onsetdiabetes, multiple sclerosis, pemphigus vulgaris, Graves' disease,myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythemotasus, irritable boweldisease, rheumatoid arthritis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, allergicdisorders including but not limited to, asthma, and allogeneic immuneresponses, including, but not limited to, organ transplants or tissuegrafts.

Cathepsin S is also implicated in disorders involving excessiveelastolysis, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (e.g.,emphysema), bronchiolitis, excessive airway elastolysis in asthma andbronchitis, pneumonities and cardiovascular disease such as plaquerupture and atheroma. Cathepsin S is implicated in fibril formation and,therefore, inhibitors of cathepsins S may be of use in treatment ofsystemic amyloidosis.

The cysteine protease inhibitory activities of the compounds of theinvention can be determined by methods known to those of ordinary skillin the art. Suitable in vitro assays for measuring protease activity andthe inhibition thereof by test compounds are known. Typically, the assaymeasures protease-induced hydrolysis of a peptide-based substrate.Details of assays for measuring protease inhibitory activity are setforth in Examples 46, 47, 48, 49, infra.

Administration and Pharmaceutical Compositions:

In general, compounds of the present invention will be administered intherapeutically effective amounts via any of the usual and acceptablemodes known in the art, either singly or in combination with one or moretherapeutic agents. A therapeutically effective amount may vary widelydepending on the severity of the disease, the age and relative health ofthe subject, the potency of the compound used and other factors. Forexample, therapeutically effective amounts of a compound of theinvention may range from about 1 micrograms per kilogram body weight(μg/kg) per day to about 60 milligram per kilogram body weight (mg/kg)per day, typically from about 1 μg/kg/day to about 20 mg/kg/day.Therefore, a therapeutically effective amount for a 80 kg human patientmay range from about 80 μg/day to about 4.8 g/day, typically from about80 μg/day to about 1.6 g/day. In general, one of ordinary skill in theart, acting in reliance upon personal knowledge and the disclosure ofthis Application, will be able to ascertain a therapeutically effectiveamount of a compound of the invention for treating a given disease.

The compounds of the invention can be administered as pharmaceuticalcompositions by one of the following routes: oral, systemic (e.g.,transdermal, intranasal or by suppository) or parenteral (e.g.,intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous). Compositions can take theform of tablets, pills, capsules, semisolids, powders, sustained releaseformulations, solutions, suspensions, elixirs, aerosols, or any otherappropriate composition and are comprised of, in general, a compound ofthe invention in combination with at least one pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient. Acceptable excipients are non-toxic, aidadministration, and do not adversely affect the therapeutic benefit ofthe active ingredient. Such excipient may be any solid, liquid,semisolid or, in the case of an aerosol composition, gaseous excipientthat is generally available to one of skill in the art.

Solid pharmaceutical excipients include starch, cellulose, talc,glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silicagel, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, sodiumchloride, dried skim milk, and the like. Liquid and semisolid excipientsmay be selected from water, ethanol, glycerol, propylene glycol andvarious oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable orsynthetic origin (e.g., peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesameoil, and the like). Preferred liquid carriers, particularly forinjectable solutions, include water, saline, aqueous dextrose andglycols.

The amount of a compound of the invention in the composition may varywidely depending upon the type of formulation, size of a unit dosage,kind of excipients and other factors known to those of skill in the artof pharmaceutical sciences. In general, a composition of a compound ofthe invention for treating a given disease will comprise from 0.01% w to10% w, preferably 0.3% w to 1% w, of active ingredient with theremainder being the excipient or excipients. Preferably thepharmaceutical composition is administered in a single unit dosage formfor continuous treatment or in a single unit dosage form ad libitum whenrelief of symptoms is specifically required. Representativepharmaceutical formulations containing a compound of the invention aredescribed in, Example 50.

Chemistry:

PROCESSES FOR MAKING COMPOUNDS OF THE INVENTION

Compounds of the invention may be prepared by the application oradaptation of known methods, by which is meant methods used heretoforeor described in the literature, for example those described by R. C.Larock in Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH publishers, 1989.

In the reactions described hereinafter it may be necessary to protectreactive functional groups, for example hydroxy, amino, imino, thio orcarboxy groups, where these are desired in the final product, to avoidtheir unwanted participation in the reactions. Conventional protectinggroups may be used in accordance with standard practice, for examplessee T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts in “Protective Groups in OrganicChemistry” John Wiley and Sons, 1991.

Compounds of the invention can be prepared by proceeding according toReaction Scheme 1:

Reaction Scheme 1

where each X², X³, X⁴, and X⁵ are as defined for Formula I in theSummary of the Invention.

As indicated in the scheme, compounds of Formula I can be prepared bycondensing an acid of Formula 2 with an amino compound of the formulaNH₂CX⁴X⁷—C(O)—X³. The condensation reaction can be effected with anappropriate coupling agent (e.g.,benzotriazol-1-yloxytrispyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate(PyBOP®), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride(EDCI), O-benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU), 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC),O-(7-azabenzotrizol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3,tetra-methyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HATU), or the like) andoptionally an appropriate catalyst (e.g., 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt),1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt), or the like) and non-nucleophilicbase (e.g., triethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, and the like, or anysuitable combination thereof) at ambient temperature and requires 1 to10 hours to complete.

Compounds of the invention can be prepared by proceeding according toReaction Scheme 2:

The condensation reaction can be effected with an appropriate couplingagent as above and the oxidation step can be carried out with anoxidizing agent (e.g. Dess-Martin Periodinane or Sodium hypochlorite andTEMPO) in a suitable solvent at ambient temperature. Detaileddescriptions for the synthesis of a compound of Formula I by theprocesses in Reaction Scheme 2 are set forth in the Examples 1, 2 and10.

Similarly, compounds of Formulae II and III can be synthesized byfollowing the same schemes 1 and 2 with corresponding startingmaterials, i.e. the corresponding acid and amino compounds.

Compounds of Formula 2 can be prepared by reacting a compound of Formula3 with a compound of Formula X²L:

in which L is a leaving group and X² and X⁵ are as defined in theSummary of the Invention. The reaction involves alkylation followed byalkaline hydrolysis at a temperature during which the dicarboxylic acidformed undergoes mono-decarboxylation. The decarbalkoxylation can beeffected under strongly basic conditions (e.g. in the presence of 1Naqueous sodium hydroxide) in a suitable solvent (e.g. ethanol).

Some of the compounds of Formula 2 can be prepared according to thefollowing reaction scheme:

where Ry is, for example, benzyl, iso-butyl, cyclopropylmethyl. Ry isnot limited to the examples provided. Other substituents at Ry may alsoprovide satisfactory results, and those sastisfactory substituents arereferred to as “equivalent substituents” for the purpose of thisapplication.

If applicable, compounds 2 can be resolved as their individualstereoisomers by chiral HPLC or by reacting a racemic mixture of thecompound with an optically active resolving agent to form a pair ofdiastereoisomeric compounds, separating the diastereomers and recoveringthe optically pure enantiomer. Diastereomers have distinct physicalproperties (e.g., melting points, boiling points, solubilities,reactivity, etc.) and can be readily separated by taking advantage ofthese dissimilarities. The diastereomers can be separated byseparation/resolution techniques based upon differences in solubility. Amore detailed description of the techniques applicable to the resolutionof stereoisomers of compounds from their racemic mixture can be found inJean Jacques Andre Collet, Samuel H. Wilen, Enantiomers, Racemates andResolutions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1981).

A compound of Formula I, II or III can be prepared as a pharmaceuticallyacceptable acid addition salt by reacting the free base form of thecompound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid.Alternatively, a pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt of acompound of Formula I, II or III can be prepared by reacting the freeacid form of the compound with a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganicor organic base. Inorganic and organic acids and bases suitable for thepreparation of the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds ofFormulae I, II and III are set forth in the definitions section of thisApplication. Alternatively, the salt forms of the compounds of FormulaeI, II and III can be prepared using salts of the starting materials orintermediates.

The free acid or free base forms of the compounds of Formulae I, II andIII can be prepared from the corresponding base addition salt or acidaddition salt form. For example, a compound of Formula I, II or III inan acid addition salt form can be converted to the corresponding freebase by treating with a suitable base (e.g., ammonium hydroxidesolution, sodium hydroxide, and the like). A compound of Formula I, IIor III in a base addition salt form can be converted to thecorresponding free acid by treating with a suitable acid (e.g.,hydrochloric acid, etc).

The N-oxides of compounds of Formulae I, II and III can be prepared bymethods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. For example,N-oxides can be prepared by treating an unoxidized form of the compoundof Formula I, II or III with an oxidizing agent (e.g.,trifluoroperacetic acid, permaleic acid, perbenzoic acid, peraceticacid, meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, or the like) in a suitable inertorganic solvent (e.g., a halogenated hydrocarbon such asdichloromethane) at approximately 0° C. Alternatively, the N-oxides ofthe compounds of Formulae I, II and III can be prepared from the N-oxideof an appropriate starting material.

Compounds of Formulae I, II and III in unoxidized form can be preparedfrom N-oxides of compounds of Formulae I, II and III by treating with areducing agent (e.g., sulfur, sulfur dioxide, triphenyl phosphine,lithium borohydride, sodium borohydride, phosphorus trichloride,tribromide, or the like) in an suitable inert organic solvent (e.g.,acetonitrile, ethanol, aqueous dioxane, or the like) at 0 to 80° C.

Prodrug derivatives of the compounds of Formulae I, II and III can beprepared by methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art (e.g.,for further details see Saulnier et al. (1994), Bioorganic and MedicinalChemistry Letters, Vol. 4, p. 1985). For example, appropriate prodrugscan be prepared by reacting a non-derivatized compound of Formula I, IIor III with a suitable carbamylating agent (e.g.,1,1-acyloxyalkylcarbonochloridate, para-nitrophenyl carbonate, or thelike).

Protected derivatives of the compounds of Formulae I, II and III can bemade by means known to those of ordinary skill in the art. A detaileddescription of the techniques applicable to the creation of protectinggroups and their removal can be found in T. W. Greene, Protecting Groupsin Organic Synthesis, 3^(rd) edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1999.

Compounds of the present invention may be conveniently prepared, orformed during the process of practicing the invention, as solvates (e.g.hydrates). Hydrates of compounds of the present invention may beconveniently prepared by recrystallisation from an aqueous/organicsolvent mixture, using organic solvents such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuranor methanol.

The present invention is further exemplified, but not limited by, thefollowing examples that illustrate the preparation of the compounds ofthe present invention (Examples) and their corresponding intermediates(References). These specifically exemplified embodiments are intended toprovide guidance to carry out the present invention to a greater extent.

REFERENCE 1(S)-2-Amino-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-butan-1-ol

A solution of (S)-3-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-hydroxy-pentanoic acid(2.00 g, 8.57 mmol) and N-Hydroxy-cyclopropanecarboxamidine (1.03 g,10.29 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was stirred at 0° C. and 1.25equivalents of N-cyclohexylcarbodiimide-N′-methyl polystyrene (1.70mmol/g, 6.30 g, 10.72 mmol) was added in portions. The reaction mixturestirred under nitrogen for three hours while warming to 15° C. Thereaction mixture was filtered, the resin washed with dichloromethane andthe filtrate evaporated under vacuum to dryness. [LC/MS m/z=338(M+H+Na)] The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) andheated in a microwave reactor (Smith Creator) at 160° C. for threeminutes, cooled to room temperature and evaporated under vacuum todryness. [LC/MS n/z=320 (M+H+Na)]. The residue was dissolved indichloromethane (50 mL) and stirred at room temperature as a 50 mLsolution of 50% trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane was addeddropwise. After three hours the reaction was evaporated under vacuum todryness and dissolved in 50 mL of dichloromethane again. Threeequivalents of Silicycle triamine-3 was added and the mixture stirred atroom temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered and washed withdichloromethane. Evaporate under vacuum to give 1.04 g (61% overall).[LC/MS m/z=198 (M+H)]

REFERENCE 2 (S)-2-Amino-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-butan-1-ol

A solution of (S)-3-tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-2-hydroxy-pentanoic acid(2.00 g, 8.57 mmol) and N-hydroxy-benzamidine (1.3 g, 9.5 mmol) indichloromethane (40 mL) was stirred at 0° C.N-cyclohexylcarbodiimide-N′-methyl polystyrene (1.90 mmol/g, 6 g, 11.4mmol) was added in portions. The reaction mixture was stirred undernitrogen for one hour. The reaction mixture was filtered, the resinwashed with dichloromethane and the filtrate evaporated under vacuum todryness. [LC/MS m/z=352 (M+H+), 296(M+H⁺-isobutene)]. The residue wasdissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and heated in a microwave reactor(Smith Creator) at 180° C. for three minutes, cooled to room temperatureand evaporated under vacuum to dryness. The crude product was purifiedvia flash chromatography (eluted with a gradient from 5% to 65% ethylacetate in heptane) to give the product as a white solid [LC/MS m/z=356(M+Na⁺), 234 (M+H⁺-Boc)].

It was dissolved in dichloromethane (45 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (5mL) was added. After two hours the reaction was evaporated under vacuumto dryness. The residue was redissolved in 50 mL of dichloromethane.Silicycle triamine-3 (9.9 g, 39 mmol) was added and the mixture stirredat room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered and washed withdichloromethane. The Filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give 775mg (38% overall) product as a white solid. [LC/MS m/z=234 (M+H)]

¹HNMR (CDCl₃) 8.12-8.06 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.45 (m, 3H), 4.93 & 4.75 (2xd,J=5 Hz & 3.5 Hz, 1H), 3.25 & 3.11 (2xm, 1H), 1.78-1.42 (2xm, 2H), 1.04 &1.01 (2x t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

REFERENCE 3 (S)-2-Amino-1-(5-phenyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol

Reference 3 was synthesized as described in the following reactionprotocol:

{(S)-1-[Hydroxy-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)-methyl]-propyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (2)

A solution of (2-cyano-1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-ethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butylester (9.53 g, 44 mmol) in methanol (80 ml) was cooled to 0° C. andtreated successively with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.05, 44 mmol) inmethanol (80 ml) and 25% sodium methoxide solution in methanol (10.2ml). Stirred at 0° C. for 5 minutes, cold bath removed and the reactionmixture stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. Methanol evaporated offunder reduced pressure, crude partitioned between ethyl acetate andwater. Organic layer separated, dried (MgSO₄) and evaporated underreduced pressure to give yellow oil. Purified by mplc, eluting with amixture of ethyl acetate-heptane to give the title compound as whitesolid (3.5 g); MS: M(H⁺) 248.

{1-[Hydroxy-(N-benzoyloxycarbamimidoyl)-methyl]-propyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (3)

A solution of{1-[hydroxy-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)-methyl]-propyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (2) (2.5 g, 10 mmol) in dichloromethane (125 ml) wastreated with benzoic acid (1.36 g, 11 mmol), EDCI (2.14 g, 11 mmol),HOBT (1.37 g, 10 mmol) and triethylamine (1.35 ml, 11 mmol) and stirredat room temperature overnight. Reaction mixture was washed withsaturated sodium bicarbonate solution and then water and dried overNa₂SO₄. Solvent evaporated under reduced pressure, crude purified bymplc eluting with 1% triethylamine in 2:3 v/v ethyl acetate and heptanemixture to give yellow solid (850 mg); MS: MH⁺ 352.

2-Amino-1-(5-phenyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol (5)

A solution of (3) (1.5 g, 4.3 mmol) in diglyme was heated at 150° C. ina microwave reactor (Smith Creator, S00219) for 40 minutes. Solventevaporated under vacuum in Genevac Evaporator at 80° C. for 3 hours togive a brown solid. This was taken in dichloromethane (40 ml) andtreated with trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature for 2 hours.Solvent evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure, crude taken inwater, washed with DCM, aqueous layer basified with 1M NaOH solution andextracted with dichloromethane. Organic layer dried over Na₂SO₄ andevaporated under reduced pressure to give pale brown solid (300 mg);¹HNMR (CDCl₃) 8.14-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.59-7.47 (m, 3H), 4.83 & 4.65 (d, J=5Hz, 1H), 3.18-3.05 (2m, 1H), 1.71-1.20(m, 2H), 1.05-0.97 (2Xt, J=7.2 Hz,3H).

REFERENCE 4(S)-2-Amino-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol;compound with trifluoro-acetic acid

A solution of{(S)-1-[Hydroxy-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)-methyl]-propyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (452 mg, 1.83 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was treated withtrifluoroacetic anhydride (0.349 ml, 2.47 mmol) and heated at 100° C. ina microwave reactor (Smith Creator, S00219) for 7 minutes. Solventevaporated under reduced pressure and the crude was purified by flashchromatography eluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate and heptane togive{(S)-1-[Hydroxy-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-methyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester as a brown solid (476 mg) (mixture ofdiastereoisomers).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 5.00 (d, J=4 Hz, 1H), 4.82, 4.65 (bd, J=7 Hz, 1H), 4.00,3.85 (broad m, 1H), 1.78-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.32 (m, 1H), 1.44, 1.37(2xs, 9H), 1.02 (2xt, J=7 Hz & 4 Hz, 3H).

MS: 348 (M+Na)

A solution of{(S)-1-[Hydroxy-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-methyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (3.6 g, 0.011 mol) in methylene chloride (15 mL)was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (8.53 ml, 0.111 mol) and stirredat room temperature for 3 h. Solvent evaporated under reduced pressureto give(S)-2-amino-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol;compound with trifluoro-acetic acid as a brown oil (4.42 g) (mixture ofdiastereoisomers).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.22 (bs, 2H), 7.04 (bs, 1H), 5.14, 4.90 (d, J=4 Hz & 7Hz, 1H), 3.40-3.28 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.37 (m, 2H), 0.80 (2xt, J=7 Hz, 3H).

MS: 226 (MH⁺)

REFERENCE 5 (S)-2-Amino-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol;compound with trifluoroacetic acid

A solution of{(S)-1-[Hydroxy-(N-hydroxycarbamimidoyl)-methyl]-propyl}-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (525 mg, 2.13 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was treated withpropionic anhydride (0.300 ml, 2.34 mmol) and heated at 150° C. in amicrowave reactor (Smith Creator, S00219) for 35 minutes. Solventevaporated under reduced pressure and the crude was purified by flashchromatography eluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate and heptane togive{(S)-1-[(5-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-hydroxy-methyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester as a yellow solid (406 mg) (mixture ofdiastereoisomers).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 4.98-4.72 (m, 2H), 4.00, 3.88 (m, 1H), 3.64, 3.45 (bs,1H), 2.89 (2xq, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.69 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 1H), 1.45, 1.39(2xs, 9H), 1.44-136 (m, 3H), 0.98 (2xt, J=9 Hz & 7 Hz, 3H).

MS: 308 (M+Na)

A solution of{(S)-1-[(5-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-hydroxy-methyl]-propyl}-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (214 mg, 0.751 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 mL)was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (0.578 ml, 7.504 mmol) and stirredat room temperature for 3 h. Solvent evaporated under reduced pressureto give (S)-2-Amino-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol:compound with trifluoro-acetic acid as a brown oil (224 mg) (mixture ofdiastereoisomers).

MS: 186 (MH⁺)

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.10-7.33 (2xbs, 3H), 5.24, 5.07 (d, J=3.5 Hz & 5.5 Hz,1H), 3.77, 3.62 (bs, 1H), 2.91 (2xq, J=7 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H),1.76-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.39 (2xt, J=7 Hz, 3H), 1.02 (2xt, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

Reference examples 6, 7, 8 were prepared according to the scheme below

Ry=Benzyl, iso-butyl, cyclopropylmethyl

REFERENCE 6 4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyricacid

Morpholine (23.6 g, 271 mmol) was slowly added to a stirred solution ofitaconic anhydride (30.36 g, 271 mmol) suspended in dichloromethane (200mL) below −5° C. and stirred at that temperature for 1 hr. The reactionmixture was allowed to slowly warm up to room temperature and evaporatedunder reduced pressure below 30° C. to give a viscous oil. This wastriturated with ethyl acetate to give2-Methylene-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid as white solid (36.8 g,68%). The product was used without further purification in the nextstep.

A mixture of 2-Methylene-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid (12.74 g,64 mmol) and benzyl sulphinic acid (10.0 g, 64 mmol) was suspended inanhydrous toluene (270 mL) and anhydrous acetonitrile (55 mL). Thismixture was warmed to 85° C. and stirred vigorously for 3 h (during thisperiod the external bath temperature climbes to 95° C.). The reactionmixture was allowed to cool to room temperature then concentrated undervacuum. The solid residue was triturated with methanol (approximately 35mL) and filtered. The solid was washed with 2×15 mL of methanol thenwashed with ether to give 9.9 g of product. The mother liquor wasconcentrated then taken up in 30 mL of methanol. This solution wasallowed to stand at −20° C. overnight. The resulting precipitate wasfiltered, washed with methanol and ether to give 2.1 g of product. Thecombined product (9.9+2.1=12.0 g) was 86% pure by HPLC (UV analysis 254nM). This material was taken up in 400 mL of 20% methanol in CH₂Cl₂. Thecloudy solution was filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residuewas triturated with about 50 mL of methanol, filtered and the solidwashed with ether then dried under vacuum to give 10.7 g of product as awhite solid, 96% pure by HPLC analysis. ¹H NMR (DMSO): δ 12.63 (bs),7.40 (m, 5H), 4.55 (dd, AB pattern, J=14 Hz, 2H), 3.53 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.2(m, 7H), 2.78 (d, 2H). LC (C₁₈ Dynamax column; CH₃CN/H₂O/0.1% TFA;20-100 CH₃CN over 20 min; rt=7.59 min).

Chiral separation of the enantiomers on a Chiralpak AD column using 80%ethanol/20% heptane/0.01% TFA gave(R)-4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyric acid(6a) and(S)-4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyric acid(6b).

REFERENCE 72-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyricacid

A mixture of 2-Methylene-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid (3.98 g, 20mmol) and isobutyl-sulphinic acid (2.44 g, 20 mmol) were suspended inanhydrous toluene (80 mL) and anhydrous acetonitrile (20 mL). Thismixture was warmed to 85° C. and stirred vigorously for 4.5 h. Thereaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature andconcentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flashchromatography using a 90 g silica gel column eluting with 10%methanol/CH₂Cl₂. Recovered 3.7 g of product as an oil. Trituratedresidue with isopropanol (5 mL)/ether (100 mL). Product began toprecipitate out. Cooled this to 5° C. for 17 hrs(overnight). Product wascollected by filtration, washed with ether and dried under vacuum togive2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyricacid as a white solid (1.8 g).

¹H NMR (DMSO): δ 12.59 (bs, 1H), 3.56-3.52 (m, 5H), 3.43-3.40 (m, 4H),3.3-3.1 (m 2H), 3.08 (d, 2H), 2.79 (m, 2H), 2.20 (m, 1H), 1.06 (d, 6H).MS: m/z 320 (M−H)⁻.

Chiral separation of the enantiomers on a Chiralpak AD column using 70%ethanol/70% heptane/0.01% TFA gave(R)-2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyricacid (7a) and(S)-2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyricacid (7b)

REFERENCE 82-Cyclopropylmethanesulfonylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid

To a solution of cyclopropylmethylsulphinic acid (1.8 g, 15 mmol) inanhydrous toluene (45 mL) and anhydrous acetonitrile (9 mL) was added2-Methylene-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid (2.98 g, 15 mmol). Theresulting solution was warmed to 85° C. and stirred at this temperaturefor 4.5 h. The heterogeneous reaction mixture is then allowed to cool toroom temperature then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residueis then purified by flash chromatography eluting with 7% methanol indichloromethane to give2-Cyclopropylmethanesulfonylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid(1.92 g) as viscous oil which was re crystallized from hot ethyl acetateto give a white solid.

¹HNMR (CDCl₃): δ 8.23 (bs, 1H), 3.80-3.55 (m, 8H), 3.55-3.40 (m, 2H),3.4-3.2 (m, 1H), 3.2-2.84 (m, 2H), 2.95 (d, 2H), 1.28-1.15 (m, 1H),0.84-0.64 (m, 2H), 0.45-0.35(m, 2H).

MS: 320 (MH⁺), 342 (M+Na).

Combustion Analysis: Calculated: C; 48.9, H; 6.6, N; 4.4. Found: C;48.9, H; 6.8, N; 4.3

Chiral separation of the enantiomers on a Chiralpak AD column using 70%ethanol/70% heptane/0.01% TFA gave(R)-2-Cyclopropylmethanesulfonylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyricacid (8a) and(S)-2-Cyclopropylmethanesulfonvlmethyl4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyricacid (8b)

Reference examples (9)-(14) were made according to the scheme below.

References: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37(13/14), 1931-1933.

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2000, 39(11), 1981-1984 (Amido-derivatives).

REFERENCE 9(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid

To a warmed solution (75° C.) of tBuOK 1M in tBuOH (1.3 eq., 16.0 mmol,16.0 mL) under N2 was added slowly a mixture of dimethyl succinate (2.42g, 14.7 mmol, 1.2 eq) and 1-Benzyl-cyclopropanecarbaldehyde (1.97 g,12.3 mmol). After the addition, the mixture was heated to 85° C. foranother 5 hr, cooled and concentrated in vacuum. The residue was dilutedwith water (150 mL), and extracted with ether (50 mL). The aqueous layerwas acidified to pH 1 and extracted with ether (2×75 mL). The acidicextracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuum. The residue waspurified over 90 g silica gel, eluted with ethyl acetate and heptane(1:1 then 2:1) to afford2-[1-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-succinic acid 1-methylester as a light yellow oil (3.096 g, 91.8% yield).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.2 (m, 5H), 7.0 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.2 (s, 2H), 2.75(s, 2H), 0.85 (m, 2H), 0.75 (m, 2H).

A solution of 2-[1-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-succinicacid 1-methyl ester (2.686 g, 9.79 mmol) and sodium methoxide (0.1 eq.,0.98 mmol, 52.9 mg) in dry methanol (25 mL) was degassed with N2 for 5min then (+)-(2S,5S)-2,5-Diethylphospholanobenzene (cyclooctadiene)Rhodium tetrafluoroborate (25 mg) was added. The mixture washydrogenated at 60 psi for 24 hr, then concentrated in vacuum. Theresidue was diluted with NaHCO₃ (150 mL) and the solution was made basicwith NaOH and extracted with ether (80 mL). The aqueous layer wasacidified to pH 1 and extracted with ether (2×100 mL). The acidicextracts were dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuum to afford(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-succinic acid 1-methyl ester as ayellow oil (2.465 g, 91% yield).

¹HNMR (CDCl₃) 7.3 m (5H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.9 (d, J=14.3 Hz,1H), 2.75 (dd, J=17.2, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 2.5 (d, J=14.3 Hz, 1H), 1.58 (dd,J=14.1, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 1.4 (dd, J=14.2, 9.3 Hz, 1H), 0.6 (m, 1H), 0.4 (m,3H).

To a solution of (R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-succinic acid1-methyl ester (2.453 g, 8.88 mmol), di-isopropyl amine (1.1 eq, 9.76mmol, 1.26 g) and morpholine (1.5 eq., 13.3 mmol, 1.16 g) in drydichloromethane under N₂ was added PyBOP (1.1 eq., 9.76 mmol, 5.08 g).The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hr, and concentratedin vacuum. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (150 mL) andwashed with water (100 mL), NH₄Cl (100 mL), NaHCO₃ (2×100 mL), thenwater (100 mL). The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated invacuum. The residue was purified over 120 g silica gel, eluted withethyl acetate:heptane (1:1.5, 1:1, to 2:1) to afford the desiredcompound contaminated with PyBOP residues. A solution of the mixture inether containing ethyl acetate (250 mL total) was washed with dilute HCl(150 mL), water (150 mL) dilute NaOH (150 mL) then water (150 mL). Theorganic layer was dried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuum to afford(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acidmethyl ester as a white solid (2.292 g, 74.7 % yield).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.3 (m, 5H), 3.8 (s, 3H), 3.6 (m, 6H), 3.4 (m, 2H), 3.2(m, 1H), 3.0 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 2.7 (dd, J=16.1, 10.3 Hz, 1H), 2.5 (d,J=14.5 Hz, 1H), 2.3 (dd, J=16.2, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 1.6 (dd, J=14, 5.9 Hz,1H), 1.27 (dd, J=14, 10 Hz, 1H), 0.55 (m, 1H), 0.4 (m, 3H).

To a solution of(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acidmethyl ester (2.29 g, 6.63 mmol) in MeOH:H2O (2:1 vol, 21 mL) was addedTHF (5 mL) followed by lithium hydroxide monohydrate (3.0 eq., 19.9mmol, 834.5 mg). The mixture was stirred at rt for 19 hr, thenconcentrated in vacuum. The residue was diluted with water (100 mL) andextracted with ether (60 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified to pH 1and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×70 mL). The acidic extracts weredried (MgSO4) and concentrated in vacuum to afford(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acidas colorless oil (2.128 g, 96.8% yield).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.25 (m, 5H), 3.65 (m, 6H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.2 (m, 1H),2.9 (d, J=1.4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (dd, J=16.3, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d, J=14.5Hz, 1H), 2.48 (dd, J=16.5, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 0.5 (m, 4H).

REFERENCE 10 (R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid

Similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Reference 9but using dimethyl succinate and 2,2-Dimethyl-propionaldehyde as thealdehyde component.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 3.7 (m, 6H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 3.0 (m, 1H), 2.7 (dd, J=16.2,9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.5 (dd, J=16.3, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 1.9 (dd, J=14.1, 7.4 Hz, 1H),1.3 (dd, J=14.1, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 1.0 (s, 9H).

REFERENCE 11(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid

Similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Reference 9but using dimethyl succinate and 2,2-Dimethyl-3-phenyl-propionaldehydeasthe aldehyde component.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.3 (m, 3H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 3.7 (m, 6H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 3.0(m, 1H), 2.8 (dd, J=16.4, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.6 (s, 2H), 2.5 (dd, J=16.5, 4.4Hz, 1H), 2.0 (dd, J=14.3, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 1.3 (dd, J=14.3, 3.9 Hz, 1H),0.95 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 3H).

REFERENCE 12

(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid

Similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Reference 9but using dimethyl succinate and3-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propionaldehyde as thealdehyde component.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.2 (m, 4H), 6.5 (t, J=74 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (m, 6H), 345 (m,2H), 3.1 (m, 1H), 2.77 (dd, J=16.4, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.7 (d, J=13 Hz, 1H),2.6 (d, J=13 Hz, 1H), 2.5 (dd, J=16.4, 4.4 Hz, 1H), 2.0 (dd, J=14.1, 7.6Hz, 1H), 1.38 (dd, J=14.2, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 0.95 (s, 6H).

REFERENCE 13

(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acidSimilarly prepared according to the general procedure for Reference 9but using dimethyl succinate and 2,2,4-Trimethyl-pentanal as thealdehyde component.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 3.7 (m, 6H), 3.5 (m, 2H), 2.9 (m, 1H), 2.75 (dd, J=16.3,9.6 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (dd, J=16.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.8-1.0 (m, 8H), 0.9 (m,8H).

REFERENCE 14(S)-2-(5-Methyl-thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid

Similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Reference 9but using dimethyl succinate and 5-Methyl-thiophene-2-carbaldehyde asthe aldehyde component.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 6.6 (m, 2H), 3.7 (m, 6H), 3.4 (m, 2H), 3.3 (dd, J=14.2,5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.2 (m, 1H), 3.02 (dd, J=14.3, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (dd,J=16.6, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (dd, J=16.5, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (d, J=0.6 Hz,3H).

REFERENCE 15 2-Amino-1-oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl-butan-1-ol

A mixture of 2-amino-3-hydroxy pyridine (25 g, 227 mmol),triethylorthoformate (75 ml) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (61 mg) washeated at 140° C. for 8 hours. Excess triethylorthoformate was removedunder vacuum. The product was crystallized from ethyl acetate to yield22.5 g of oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine; H¹ NMR (DMSO-6): 9.26 (1H, s), 8.78(1H, d), 8.45 (1H, d), 7.7(1H, dd); MS: 120.8 (M+1).

Oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine (600 mg, 5 mmol) in 30 ml THF was cooled to 0° C.before the addition of isopropanyl magnesium chloride (2M in THF, 2.5ml, 5 mmol). After stirring for 1 hour at 0° C.,(S)-(1-formyl-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (573 mg, 3 mmol) in20 ml THF was added. The ice bath was removed and the reaction allowedto warm to room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2hours and quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution. Excess THFwas removed and the residue was extracted with EtOAc, washed with brine,dried with anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude residuewas purified by chromatography to yield 383 mg product;

H1 NMR (DMSO-δ): 8.42(1H, m), 8.18(1H, m), 7.3(1H, m), 6.8, 6.6(1H, dd,d, OH, diastereomeric), 6.3, 6.02(1H, d, d, NH, diastereomeric), 4.82,4.5(1H, m, m, diastereomeric), 1.8-1.3(2H, m), 1.2, 1.05(9H, s,s,diastereomeric), 0.89(3H, m); MS: 306.2(M−1), 308.6(M+1).

Alternative procedure: To a stirred solution of theoxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine (12 g, 100 mmol) in THF (300 ml) was added n-BuLi(1.6M solution in 62.5 ml of hexane) drop wise under N₂ at −78° C. After1 hour, MgBr.Et₂O (25.8 g, 100 mmol) was added and the reaction mixturewas allowed to warm to −45° C. for 1 hour before being treated with(S)-(1-formyl-propyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (11.46 g, 60 mmol)in THF (50 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, quenchedwith saturated NH₄Cl, and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organiclayer was washed with brine, dried with MgSO₄ and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to yield(S)-[1-(hydroxy-oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl-methyl)-propyl]-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (14.1 g).

(S)-[1-(Hydroxy-oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl-methyl)-propyl]-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (311 mg, 1 mmol) and MeCl₂ (5 ml) were mixed and TFA (1ml) was added at room temperature. After stirring for 1 hour, thesolvent and excess TFA were removed under vacuum to produce 355 mg of2-Amino-1-oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl-butan-1-ol TFA salt.

REFERENCE 163-Benzylsulfonyl-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-propionic acid

2-(Tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-acrylic acid ethyl ester (1)

NaH added to a solution of 4-hydroxy tetrahydropyran (5 g, 49 mmol) inTHF (40 ml) stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. A solution ofethyl 2-(bromomethyl)acrylate (9.6 g, 49 mmol) in THF (30 ml) was addedand stirred at room temperature overnight. Reaction mixture cooled inice, quenched with saturated NH₄Cl solution and extracted with ethylacetate. Organic extracts dried, (Na₂SO₄) and purified by mplc elutingwith 1:9 to 2:8 v/v ethyl acetate-heptane mixture to give the titlecompound as yellow oil (6.56 g, 61%). MS: MH⁺ 215; LCMS retention time3.29 minutes.

3-Benzylsulfanyl-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-propionic acid ethylester (2a)

A suspension of 2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-acrylic acid ethylester (2.2 g, 10.2 mmol) in ethanol (100 ml) was treated with a solutionof NaHCO₃ (0.86 g, 10.2 mmol) in water ml (10 ml) and benzyl mercaptan(1.21 ml, 10.2 mmol) at room temperature overnight. Ethanol evaporatedoff under reduced pressure, crude partitioned between ethyl acetate andwater, organic layer separated and purified by mplc eluting with 1:9 to2:8 v/v ethyl acetate-heptane mixture to give the title compound as paleyellow oil (1.27 g). MS: 339 (MH⁺); LCMS (Protocol B) retention time 4.3minutes.

3-Benzylsulfanyl-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-propionic acid (3a)

A solution of3-benzylsulfanyl-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-propionic acid ethylester (1.27 g) in ethanol (30 ml) was treated with 2N NaOH (9.4 ml)overnight. Usual water work up gave the title compound as white solid;MS: 333 (M+Na), 311 (M+1); LCMS retention time 3.7 minutes.

3-Benzylsulfonyl-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-propionic acid(Reference 15)

A solution of3-Benzylsulfanyl-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-propionic acid (1.16g, 3.7 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (10 ml) and water (30 ml) was treatedoxone (3.5 g, 5.6 mmol) overnight. Methanol evaporated off under reducedpressure, aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate, dried (Na₂SO₄) andevaporated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as whitesolid (1.36 g); MS: 365 (M+Na), 343 (MH⁺); LCMS retention time 3.1minutes.

REFERENCE 17 2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid

A 0.05 M solution of1-(4-benzyl-2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl)-2-cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-butane-1,4-dione(1 g) in 3:1-THF/H₂O was treated at 0° C. with 8 equivalents of 30% H₂O₂followed by 2.0 equivalents of LiOH. The resulting mixture was stirredat 0-25° C. until the substrate had been consumed (approximately 1hour). The excess peroxide was quenched at 0° C. with a 10% excess of1.5 N aqueous Na₂SO₃. After buffering to pH 9-10 with aqueous NaHCO₃ andevaporation of the THF, the oxazolidone chiral auxiliary was recoveredby MeCl₂ extraction. The carboxylic acid was isolated by EtOAcextraction of the acidified (pH 1-2) aqueous phase, then recrystallizedfrom EtOAc and hexane to yield 0.58 g of2-cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid;

H¹ NMR (DMSO-δ): 12(1H, s, COOH), 3.6-3.3(8H, m), 2.8-2.3(3H, m),1.8-1.1(11H, m), 0.9-0.7(2H, m); MS: 282.2(M−1), 284.1 (M+1).

Reference Examples (18)-(19) were prepared according to the schemebelow.

REFERENCE 18 2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid

2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester (1)

To a solution of n-tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (1.18 g, 3.48mmol) and NaOH (560 mg, 13.9 mmol) in water (8 ml) was added a solutionof 4-(2-bromoacetyl morpholine) (1.45 g, 6.97 mmol) and diethyl malonate(1.34 g, 8.36 mmol) in DCM (8 ml). The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 hours, diluted with water (30 ml) and extracted withDCM (2×30 ml). The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated invacuum. The residue was purified by chromatography (silica) eluting with1:2 v/v ethyl acetate-heptane to give2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester as acolorless oil (1.19 g, 59%); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 4.25 (m, 4H), 4.0 (t, J=7.2Hz, 1H), 3.8-3.45 (m, 8H), 3.0 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.3 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 6H).

2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-(3-phenyl-allyl)-malonic acid diethylester (2)

To a mixture of Pd(OAc)₂ (17.5 mg, 0.078 mmol) and PPh₃ (40.9 mg, 0.156mmol) in dry THF (2 ml) under N₂, cinnamyl alcohol (105.1 mg, 0.78 mmol)was added followed by a solution of2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester (250 mg,0.87 mmol) and NaH (17.4 mg, 0.43 mmol) in dry THF (3 ml). BF₃ (1M inTHF, 1 ml, 1 mmol) was then added and the yellow solution was stirred atroom temperature for 6.5 hours. The mixture was diluted with ethylacetate (50 ml) and washed with 1N HCl (10 ml) and brine (2×20 ml). Theorganic layer was dried (MgSO₄), concentrated in vacuum and purified bychromatography eluting with 1:1 v/v ethyl acetate-heptane mixture togive 2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-(3-phenyl-allyl)-malonic aciddiethyl ester as a thick, yellow oil (266.5 mg, 85%); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃)7.25 (m, 5H), 6.40 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 6.1 (dt, J=15.8, 7.7 Hz), 4.2 (q,J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 3.6 (m, 6H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.05 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.0(s, 2H), 1.25 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 6H). MS: 404 (MH⁺)

2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-(3-phenyl-propyl)-malonic aciddiethyl ester (3)

A solution of2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-(3-phenyl-allyl)-malonic acid diethylester (257 mg, 0.637 mmol) in EtOH (15 ml) was hydrogenated over Pd/C at55 Psi for 7.5 hrs. The catalyst filtered off over a pad of Celite andthe filtrate evaporated under vacuum to give2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-(3-phenyl-propyl)-malonic aciddiethyl ester as a light yellow oil (260 mg); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.4-7.1 (m,5H), 4.20 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 3.7-3.4 (m, 8H), 3.0 (s, 2H), 2.6 (t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 6H). MS: 406(MH⁺).

2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-(3-phenyl-propyl)-malonic acidmonoethyl ester (4)

To a solution of2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-(3-phenyl-propyl)-malonic aciddiethyl ester (934 mg, 2.3 mmol) in a 2:1 mixture of ethanol and water(12 ml) LiOH.H₂O (193.3 mg, 4.61 mmol) was added and heated at 40° C.for 19 hrs. Ethanol was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residualaqueous mixture was acidified to pH 1 and extracted with methylenechloride (2×40 ml). The organic extract was dried with MgSO₄ andevaporated under reduced pressure to give2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-(3-phenyl-propyl)-malonic acidmonoethyl ester as a thick, yellow oil (831 mg); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.4-7.1(m, 6H), 4.25 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.8-3.4 (m, 8H), 3.20 (d, J=16.4 Hz,1H), 2.9 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.6 (m, 2H), 2.1-1.8 (m, 4H), 1.25 (t,J=7.1 Hz, 3H). MS: 378 (MH⁺).

2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester (5)

A Solution of2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-2-(3-phenyl-propyl)-malonic acidmonoethyl ester (809 mg, 2.14 mmol) in toluene (25 ml) was heated underreflux for 23 hours. The colorless solution was concentrated underreduced pressure, the residue was taken up in diethyl ether (50 ml),washed with saturated NaHCO₃ and dried over MgSO₄. The solvent wasevaporated under reduced pressure to give2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid ethyl ester asyellow oil (617 mg); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.3-7.1 (m, 5H), 4.2 (m, 2H),3.8-3.4 (m, 8H), 3.0 (m, 1H), 2.75 (dd, J=15.9, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 2.65 (m,2H), 2.35 (dd, J=15.9, 5.1 Hz, 1H), 1.8-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.29 (t, J=7.1 Hz,3H). MS: 334 (MH⁺).

2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid (6)

To a solution of 2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid ethyl ester (604 mg, 1.81 mmol) in a 2:1 mixture of MeOH—H2O (12ml) LiOH.H2O (228 mg, 5.43 mmol) was added and stirred overnight at roomtemperature. Ethanol was removed under reduced pressure, residue dilutedwith water (40 ml) and washed with ether. The aqueous layer wasacidified to pH1 with 1N HCl and extracted with diethyl ether (3×25 ml).The combined organic extracts were dried with MgSO4 and concentratedunder reduced pressure to give2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid as a whitesolid (492 mg); 1H NMR (CDCl3) 8.0-7.5 (1H), 7.4-7.1 (m, 5H), 3.8-3.4(m, 8H), 3.0 (m, 1H), 2.8 (dd, J=16.4, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 2.65 (t, J=7.2 Hz,2H), 2.40 (dd, J=16.4, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 1.9-1.5 (m, 4H). MS: 306 (MH⁺).

REFERENCE 192-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid

Similarly prepared according to the Scheme illustrated for ReferenceExample 18 as colorless oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 7.25 (m, 5H), 3.65 (m, 6H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.2 (m, 1H),2.9 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 2.78 (dd, J=16.3, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (d, J=14.5Hz, 1H), 2.48 (dd, J=16.5, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 0.5 (m, 4H).

REFERENCE 202-(1-methyl-cyclopentylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid

To 1-methylcyclopentanol (5 g, 50 mmol) was added 48% aqu. HBr (15 mL).The mixture was stirred rapidly for 30 min and then was extracted withhexane (2×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water,dried with MgSO₄ and evaporated under vacuum. The crude1-bromo-1-methyl-cyclopentane (6.6 g, 40.5 mmol) was used withoutfurther purification.

Tributyltinhydride (2.69 mL, 10 mmol), AIBN (164 mg, 1 mmol), and1-bromo-1-methyl-cyclopentane (2.4 g, 15 mmol) were added to a solutionof itaconic anhydride (1 g, 8.93 mmol) in dry benzene (20 mL) and heatedat reflux for 3 hours. After cooling, the benzene was removed undervacuum and the residue was dissolved in dry dichloromethane (20 mL). Thesolution was cooled to −78° C. and morpholine (1.5 mL) was addeddropwise over 2min. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperatureover 2 hours. The mixture was partitioned between diethylether (100 mL)and sat. aqu. NaHCO₃ solution (100 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedtwo more times with diethylether, was acidified with 6N aqu. HCl andextracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine, dried with MgSO4 and evaporated under vacuum. Thecrude 2-(1-methyl-cyclopentylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid(400 mg, 1.41 mmol) was used without further purification.

REFERENCE 21 2-Amino-1-benzoxazol-2-yl-butan-1-one; hydrochloride

Prepared according to the general procedure for oxidation of aminoalcohol to aminoketone template.

[1-(Benzooxazol-2-yl-hydroxy-methyl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butylester (step 1)

DIPEA (0.35 ml, 2 mmol) and di-tret-butyl dicarbonate (355 mg, 1.63mmol) were added to a solution of 2-Amino-1-benzooxazol-2-yl-butan-1-ol(320 mg, 1.55 mmol) in dry methylene chloride (10 ml) and stirred atroom temperature for 4 hrs. The reaction was quenched with saturatedaqueous NH₄Cl and the pH was adjusted to neutral. Oraganic layerseparated and the aqueous layer extracted with methylene chloride. Theorganic extracts were dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to give [1-(Benzooxazol-2-yl-hydroxy-methyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (500 mg).

[1-(Benzooxazole-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester(step2)

Dess-Martin Periodinane (15 wt % in DCM, 8.8 g, 3.1 mmol) was added to asolution of [1-(Benzooxazol-2-yl-hydroxy-methyl)-propyl]-carbamic acidtert-butyl ester (475 mg, 1.55 mmol) in dry methylene chloride (15 ml)and stirred at room temperature for 4 hrs. The reaction was quenchedwith a solution of Na₂S₂O₃ in aqueous NaHCO₃. The organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous extracted with dichloromethane. The organicextracts were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under reducedpressure. Column chromatography on silica eluting with a mixture ofheptane and methylene chloride gave the title compound as a off-whitepowder (0.38 g).

2-Amino-1-benzoxazol-2-yl-butan-1-one; hydrochloride (step3)

Hydrogen chloride (4M in 1,4 dioxane, 1 ml) was added to a solution of[1-(Benzooxazole-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (100mg, 0.33 mmol) in dry methylene chloride and the reaction mixture wasstirred for 4 hours at rt. The reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure to gave the title compound as a yellowish solid (65mg).

¹H NMR (DMSO) δ 0.99 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 2.20-2.05 (m, 2H), 4.96 (m, 1H),7.58 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H),8.06 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (m, 3H); MS: 207(M⁺)

Reference Examples (22)-(25) were made as shown in the scheme below

(S)-3-Acetoxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid (1a) and(S)-2-Acetoxy4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid (1b)

Morpholine (14.48 ml) and Triethylamine (23.14 ml, 166 mmol) were addedto an ice-cold solution of Acetic acid(S)-2,5-dioxo-tetrahydro-furan-3-yl ester (25 g, 158.12 mmol) in dry THF(600 ml) and the solution was stirred at room temperature over the weekend. Solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, residue diluted withwater, acidified to pH 2 with 1N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate.Combined organic extracts were dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated underreduced pressure to give a mixture of(S)-3-Acetoxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid and2-Acetoxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid (14 g) as white solid.

(S)-3-Hydroxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid methyl ester (2a)

To a mixture of (S)-3-Acetoxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid and2-Acetoxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid (11 g, 44.8 mmol) in drymethanol (30 mL) HCl in dioxane (4M, 7.3 ml, 29.16 mmol) was added andstirred at room temperature for 5 hrs. The reaction mixture wasneutralized with solid NaHCO₃, filtered through a mixture ofCelite/Na₂SO₄ (1:1) and concentrated under reduced pressure. Columnchromatography on silica eluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate andmethylene chloride gave (S)-3-Hydroxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyricacid methyl ester (6 g).

(E)-(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pent-4-enoicacid methyl ester (3a)

Lithium hexamethyldisilazide (1M in THF, 14.5 ml, 14.5 mmol) was addedto a solution of (S)-3-Hydroxy-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acidmethyl ester (1.5 g, 6.9 mmol) in dry THF (15 ml) at −78° C. under N₂and stirred for 30 min. Cinnamyl bromide (1.6 g, 7.32 mmol) was thenadded, the reaction mixture stirred at −78° C. for 2 hrs, warmed up toroom temperature and stirred overnight at room temperature. The reactionwas quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution, adjusted the pHto 6 with 1N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate. Combined ethylacetate extracts were dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reducedpressure to give yellow solid. Column chromatography on silica elutingwith a mixture of ethyl acetate and methylene chloride gave the titlecompound as pale yellow solid (1.15 g).

(E)-(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2-((S)-1-hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pent-4-enoicacid methyl ester (3b)

It is similarly prepared according to the procedure above but replacingcinnamyl bromide with1-((E)-3-Bromo-propenyl)-2-difluoromethoxy-benzene.

(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid methyl ester (4a)

A solution of(E)-(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pent-4-enoicacid methyl ester (1.55 g, 4.65 mmol) in methanol (15 ml) washydrogenated at 50 psi over Pd/C for 4 hrs. The catalyst was removed byfiltration through celite and the filtrate concentrated under reducedpressure to give(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid methyl ester as yellow solid (1.45 g).

(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2-((S)-1-hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid methyl ester (4b)

It is similarly prepared according to the procedure above but using(E)-(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2-((S)-1-hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pent-4-enoicacid methyl ester.

(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid (22)

A solution of(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid methyl ester (230 mg, 0.69 mmol) and LiOH.H₂O (57.5 mg, 1.37 mmol)in a mixture of THF and water (2:1, 6 ml) was stirred at roomtemperature for 2.5 hrs. The reaction was diluted with water and THFremoved under reduced pressure. The pH of the aqueous solution wasadjusted to 5 with 1N HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combinedorganic extracts were dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated under reducedpressure to give the title compound as white solid (180 mg).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.92-1.60 (m, 4H), 2.75-2.60 (m, 3H), 3.78-3.45 (m,9H), 4.5 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.18 (m, 5H);

MS: 322(M⁺).

(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2-((S)-1-hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid (23)

It is similarly prepared according to the procedure above but using(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2-((S)-1-hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid methyl ester.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.90-1.65 (m, 4H), 2.77-2.68 (m, 3H), 3.70-3.53 (m,9H), 4.51 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (t, J=74 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.14 (m, 4H);

MS: 388(M⁺).

(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acidmethyl ester 16a)

(Diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (2.0 ml, 15.2 mmol) was added to a icecold solution of(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid methyl ester (4a) (0.85 g, 2.5 mmol) in dry methylene chloride (15ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight while warming to roomtemperature. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NaHCO₃ solution andextracted with methylene chloride. The organic extracts were dried overNa₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Column chromatography onsilica eluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate and methylene chloridegave the title compound as a off-white solid (230 mg). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ1.90-1.58 (m, 4H), 2.78-2.57 (m, 2H), 3.28-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H),3.74-3.45 (m, 8H), 5.40-5.12 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.18 (m, 5H);

MS: 338(M⁺).

(R)-2-(1-Methoxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acidmethyl ester (6b)

Sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 114 mg, 2.86 mmol) was added to asolution of(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid methyl ester (800 mg, 2.38 mmol) in dry dimethylformamide followedby addition of methyl iodide (0.74 ml, 11.9 mmol) and the reactionmixture was stirred for two hours at rt. The reaction was diluted withwater and extracted with Ethyl acetate. The organic extracts were washedwith water and brine, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under reducedpressure to give the title compound as a colorless oil solid (660 mg).

(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid(24)

It is similarly prepared according to the procedure of (22), but using(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acidmethyl ester (6a).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.88-1.62 (m, 4H), 2.78-2.64 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.15 (m,1H), 3.80-3.50 (m, 8H), 5.40-5.16 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.18 (m, 5H), 8.78-8.50(b, 1H);

MS: 324 (M⁺).

(R)-2-(1-Methoxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid(25)

It is similarly prepared according to the procedure of (22), but using(R)-2-(1-Methoxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acidmethyl ester (6b).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.90-1.58 (m, 4H), 2.74-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.84 (m,1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.40 (m, 8H), 4.32 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.16 (m, 5H),9.94-9.56 (b, 1H); MS: 336 (M⁺).

REFERENCE 26 2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-butan-1-ol

2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-butan-1-ol was prepared according to the followingreaction scheme:

Step 1

Triethylborane (1.0 M in THF, 149.5 ml, 149.5 mmol) was added to oxazole(10.33 g, 149.5 mmol) and stirred for 45 minutes at room temperature.The mixture was then cooled to −78° C. and n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane, 59.8ml, 149.5 mmol) was added dropwise and allowed to stir for one hourunder nitrogen. Compound (1) (8.0 g, 42.7 mmol) was dissolved in 25 mlof THF and added to the reaction mixture. The reaction was stirred for 5hours at −78° C. then it was allowed to warm to 0° C. for one hour. Thereaction was then cooled back to −78° C. and quenched with 7% aceticacid in ethanol (700 ml) which was allowed to stir overnight at roomtemperature. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum and the residue wasdissolved in ether and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuumand the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate washed twice with 0.005 NHCl, twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine. The organiclayer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated invacuum. The residue was purified on silica using 10-40% ethylacetate/heptane to give[(S)-1-(Hydroxy-oxazol-2-yl-methyl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butylester ((2), 3.85 g).

Step 2

To a solution of [(S)-1-(Hydroxy-oxazol-2-yl-methyl)-propyl]-carbamicacid tert-butyl ester (2) (1.1 g, 4.29 mmol) in dry methylene chloride(10.0 mL), stirring under nitrogen at room temperature, was added 4M HCl(in dioxane, 10.73 ml) dropwise followed by 5 ml of methanol. Thereaction was stirred overnight then concentrated in vacuo to give(S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-butan-1-ol (1.2 g) as a brown solid.

REFERENCE 27 (S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-4-phenyl-butan-1-ol

It is similarly prepared according to the procedure for ReferenceExample 26 LCMS RT=1.1 min., 231 (M+1).

REFERENCE 28 (S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-butan-1-one; hydrochloride

It is similarly prepare daccording to the general procedurre forReference Example 21 but using[(S)-1-(Hydroxy-oxazol-2-yl-methyl)-propyl]-carbamic acid tert-butylester.

EXAMPLE 12-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide

A suspension of PS-bound N-cyclohexylcarbodiimide (HL 200-400 mesh crosslinked with 2% DVB) from Novabiochem (436 mg, 0.841 mmol, 1.93 mmol/gloading) in methylene chloride (6 mL) was treated with2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyricacid (154 mg, 0.480 mmol) in methylene chloride (3 mL) and stirred atroom temperature for 10 minutes. A solution of(S)-2-Amino-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol (96 mg, 0.412mmol) in methylene chloride (3 mL) was added and the reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The mixture was filtered andthe filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. Crude purified byflash chromatography eluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate and heptaneto giveN-{(S)-1-[Hydroxy-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-methyl]-propyl}-2-(2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramideas an off white solid (41 mg) (mixture of diastereoisomers).

MS: 537 (MH⁺)

A solution ofN-{(S)-1-[Hydroxy-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-methyl]-propyl}-2-(2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide(41 mg, 0.076 mmol) in methylene chloride (6 mL) was treated withDess-Martin periodinane (39 mg, 0.092 mmol) and stirred at roomtemperature for 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was washed with asolution of Na₂S₂O₃ in water (0.26M), saturated aqueous bicarbonatesolution and water, dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent evaporated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatographyeluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate and heptane to give2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramideas an off white solid (18 mg) (mixture of diastereoisomers).

MS: 535 (MH⁺).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.21 (d, J=7 Hz, 2H), 7.80, 7.64 (d, J=7 Hz, 1H), 7.56(t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 5.32 (m, 1H), 3.79-3.51 (m, 8H), 3.51-3.36 (m, 2H),3.08 (2xdd, J=14 Hz & 6 Hz, 1H), 2.97-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.97-2.70 (m, 2H),2.38 (m, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.26 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.09 (2xd,J=7 Hz, 6H), 1.03 (2xt, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

EXAMPLE 2(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide

A solution of (R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid(223 mg, 0.788 mmol) in dimethylformamide (10 ml) was treatedsuccessively with(S)-2-Amino-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol;compound with trifluoroacetic acid (267 mg, 0.788 mmol),O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (299 mg, 0.787 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine(0.274 ml, 1.576 mmol). Reaction stirred at room temperature overnight.Solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. Residue taken up in ethylacetate and washed with 1N hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueousbicarbonate solution and water, dried over Na₂SO₄ and solvent evaporatedunder reduced pressure to give(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-N-{(S)-1-[hydroxy-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-methyl]-propyl}-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramideas a yellow solid (324 mg).

MS: 491 (MH⁺)

A solution of(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-N-{(S)-1-[hydroxy-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-methyl]-propyl}-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide(324 mg, 0.661 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) was treated with DessMartin periodinane (308 mg, 0.726 mmol) and stirred at room temperaturefor 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was washed with an aqueous solutionof Na₂S₂O₃ (0.26M), saturated aqueous bicarbonate solution and water,dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. Thecrude was purified by flash chromatography eluting with a mixture ofethyl acetate and heptane to give(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramideas an off white solid (10 mg).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 6.68 (d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 5.19 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.60 (m, 4H),3.60-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 2.71 (dd, J=16 Hz &10 Hz, 1H), 2.26 (dd, J=16 Hz & 3 Hz, 1H), 2.14-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.44(m, 7H), 1.32-1.07 (m, 5H), 1.02 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 0.95-0.76 (m, 2H).

MS: 489 (MH⁺)

EXAMPLE 3 (R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forExample 2 above but using(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid and(S)-2-Amino-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol;compound with trifluoroacetic acid,

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 6.79 (d, J=5 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.51 (m, 6H),3.51-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.96 (m, 1H), 2.72 (dd, J=16 Hz & 10 Hz, 1H), 2.28(dd, J=16 HZ & 3 Hz, 1H), 2.15-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.96-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.14 (m,1H), 1.00 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 0.88 (s, 9H).

MS: 463 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 44-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forExample 2 above but using4-Morpholin-4-yl4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyric acid and(S)-2-Amino-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol;compound with trifluoroacetic acid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.82, 7.61 (d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (m, 5H), 5.08 (m, 1H),4.28 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.47 (m, 7H), 3.47-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.91 (dd, J=14 Hz &7 Hz, 1H), 2.82-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.14-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.02(t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H).

MS: 561 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 5(R)-2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forExample 2 above but using2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyricacid and (S)-2-Amino-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-butan-1-ol.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.12 (d, 2 H), 7.66 (d, 1 H), 7.54-7.46 (m, 3 H), 5.27(m, 1 H), 3.67-3.57(m, 7H), 3.51-3.4 (m, 3 H), 3.08 (dd, 1 H), 2.92-2.79(m, 4H), 2.36 (m, 1 H), 2.11 (m, 1 H), 1.90 (m, 1 H), 1.10 (d, 6 H),1.05 (t, 3 H).

MS: m/z 535 (M⁺+H)

EXAMPLE 6N-[(S)-1-(5-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forExample 2 above but using4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyric acid and(S)-2-Amino-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol.

1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 0.98 (t, 3H), 1.43 (t, 3H), 1.80 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m,1H), 2.74 (m, 2H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.98 (q, 2H), 3.4-3.71 (m, 10H), 4.25(dd, 1H), 4.30 (dd, 1H), 5.22 (m, 1H), 7.39 (m, 5H), 7.66 (d, 1H).

LC/MS (2.82 min) m/z=521 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 7(R)-4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forExample 2 above but using4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyric acid and(S)-2-Amino-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-butan-1-ol.

1H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 1.03 (t, 3H), 1.91 (m, 1H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.72 (dd,1H), 2.79 (dd, 1H), 2.95 (dd, 1H), 3.40 (m, 3H), 3.65 (m, 7H), 4.27 (d,1H), 4.30 (d, 1H), 5.29 (m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 3H), 7.54 (m, 5H), 8.14 (m,2H).

MS m/z=569 (M+H).

EXAMPLE 8 4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

A solution of(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid (200mg, 0.778 mmol) in dimethylformamide (10 ml) was treated successivelywith (S)-2-Amino-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol; compoundwith trifluoro-acetic acid (233 mg, 0.779 mmol),O-(7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (296 mg, 0.779 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine(0.271 ml, 1.559 mmol). Reaction stirred at room temperature overnight.Solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. Residue taken up in ethylacetate and washed with 1N hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueousbicarbonate solution and water, dried over Na₂SO₄ and solvent evaporatedunder reduced pressure to give(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid{(S)-1-[(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-hydroxy-methyl]-propyl}-amide asa yellow solid (277 mg).

MS: 425 (MH⁺)

A solution of(R)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid{(S)-1-[(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-hydroxy-methyl]-propyl}-amide(277 mg, 0.653 mmol) in methylene chloride (6 ml) was treated withDess-Martin periodinane (332 mg, 0.783 mmol) and stirred at roomtemperature for 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was washed with asolution of Na₂S₂O₃ in water (0.26M), saturated aqueous bicarbonatesolution and water, dried over Na₂SO₄ and solvent evaporated underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatographyeluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate and heptane to give4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide as a yellow solid(44 mg) (mixture of diastereoisomers).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 6.60 (d, J=7 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.54 (m, 4H),3.54-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.91 (q, J=8 Hz, 2H), 2.93-2.83(m, 1H), 2.68 (dd, J=16 Hz & 10 Hz, 1H), 2.20 (dd, J=16 Hz & 4 Hz, 1H),1.96 (m, 1H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.37 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 1.09 (m,1H), 0.88 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 0.82 (s, 9H).

MS: 423 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 9(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forexample 8 above but using(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid and(S)-2-Amino-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol; compound withtrifluoro-acetic acid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 6.53 (d, J=7 Hz, 1H), 5.35 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.61 (m, 4H),3.61-3.53 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.01-2.92 (m, 1H), 2.99 (q, J=8Hz, 2H), 2.74 (dd, J=16 Hz & 10 Hz, 1H), 2.25 (dd, J=16 Hz & 3.5 Hz,1H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.48 (m, 6H), 1.44 (t, J=7.5Hz, 3H), 1.32-1.04 (m, 5H), 0.97 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.96-0.78 (m, 2H).

MS: 449 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 10N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide

To a solution of2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid (53mg, 0.16 mmol) in dry DCM (4.5 mL) under N₂ was added PS-boundN-cyclohexylcarbodiimide (HL 200-400 mesh cross-linked with 2% DVB) fromNovabiochem (188 mg, 0.0.32 mmol, 1.93 mmol/g loading) followed byHydroxybenzotriazole (36.7 mg, 0.27 mmol). After stirring at roomtemperature for 15 min, (S)-2-Amino-1-benzoxazol-2-yl-pentan-1-ol (35.2mg,0.16 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred over nightat room temperature. Silacycle trisamine (222 mg, 0.8 mmol, 3.6 mmol/gloading) was then added and the mixture was stirred for 2 hrs. Solidfiltered off and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure to giveyellow solid (80 mg). The crude was purified by silica gel columnchromatography eluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate and heptane togiveN-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazol-2-yl-hydroxy-methyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide(55 mg).

To a solution ofN-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazol-2-yl-hydroxy-methyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide(55 mg, 0.103 mmol) in dry dichloromethane under N₂ was added a solutionof Dess-Martin Periodinane solution in dichloromethane (15% wt in DCM,0.206 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for lhr. The mixture wasquenched with a solution Na₂SO₃ (65.4 mg) in saturated NaHCO₃ (20 mL).The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2×25 mL). Organicextracts dried (MgSO₄) and concentrated under reduced pressure. Residuepurified by silica gel column chromatography eluting with a mixture ofethyl acetate and heptane (1:1 then 2:1) to giveN-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramideas white solid (43 mg).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.92 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (t,J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42-7.14 (m, 5H), 6.78, 6.64 (d,J=7 Hz, 1H), 5.63 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.53 (m, 6H), 3.53-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.18(m, 1H), 2.88-2.58 (m, 2H), 2.50 (d, J=14.5 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.08(m, 1H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.36 (m, 4H), 0.98 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H),0.58-0.26 (m, 4H).

MS: 532 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 11N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forexample 10 above but using4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyric acid and(S)-2-Amino-1-benzoxazol-2-yl-pentan-1-ol.

LC/MS: RT=3.39 min, MH⁺=518.

EXAMPLE 12 (R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forexample 10 above but using(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid and(S)-2-Amino-1-benzoxazol-2-yl-pentan-1-ol.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.91 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dt,J=8 Hz & 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dt, J=8 Hz & 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J=7 Hz,1H), 5.61 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.58 (m, 6H), 3.56-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.01 (m, 1H),2.78 (dd, J=16 Hz & 10 Hz, 1H), 2.30 (dd, J=16 Hz & 4 Hz, 1H), 2.11-2.01(m, 1H), 1.99-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.18 (dd, J=14 Hz & 3 Hz,1H), 0.97 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 0.90 (s, 9H).

MS: 458 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 13 (R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forexample 10 above but using4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid and(S)-2-Amino-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-butan-1-ol.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.15 (dd, J=8 Hz & 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.52 (m, 3H), 6.86(d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 5.36 (dd, J=12 Hz & 7 Hz, 1H), 3.76-3.54 (m, 6H),3.54-3.34 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.93 (m, 1H), 2.78 (dd, J=16 Hz & 10 Hz, 1H),2.32 (dd, J=16 Hz & 3 Hz, 1H), 2.15 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.19(dd, J=14 Hz & 3 Hz, 1H), 1.05 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H).

MS: 471 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 14(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared (as mixture of diastereoisomers) according togeneral procedure given for example 10 above but using(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid and 2-Amino-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-butan-1-ol

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.15 (dd, J=8 Hz & 1.6 Hz, 2H), 7.61-7.44 (m, 3H),7.32-7.16 (m, 3H), 7.09 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 6.93 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 5.35(dd, J=12 Hz & 7 Hz, 1H), 3.76-3.54 (m, 6H), 3.52-3.34 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m,1H), 2.76 (dd, J=16 Hz & 10 Hz, 1H), 2.53 (s, 2H), 2.29 (dd, J=16 Hz & 3Hz, 1H), 2.07 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.22 (dd, J=14 Hz &3Hz, 1H), 1.05 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 0.88 (s, 6H)

MS: 547 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 154,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forexample 10 above but using(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid and (S)-2-Amino-1-benzoxazol-2-yl-pentan-1-ol.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.91 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.55(dt, J=7 Hz & 1 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dt, J=8 Hz & 1 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.15 (m,3H), 7.09 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 6.86 (d, J=7 Hz, 1H), 5.62 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.55(m, 6H), 3.54-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.12 (m, 1H), 2.77 (dd, J=16 Hz, & 10 Hz,1H), 2.52 (s, 2H), 2.27 (dd, J=16 Hz & 4 Hz, 1H), 2.13-1.94 (m, 2H),1.81 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.21 (dd, J=14 Hz & 3 Hz, 1H), 0.98 (t, J=7Hz, 3H), 0.88 (s, 6H).

MS: 534 (MH⁺), 0.88(2xS, 6H).

EXAMPLE 18(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Example10.

^(H)NMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): 7.20-7.29(m, 3H), 7.10-7.19(d, 2H), 6.78-6.80(d,H), 5.31-5.35(m, H), 3.61-3.68 (m, 6H), 3.44-3.48(m, 2H), 3.06-3.21(m,H), 2.96-3.03(q, 2H), 2.73-2.82(dd, H), 2.53(s, 2H), 2.24-2.31(dd, H),1.98-2.18(m, 2H), 1.78-1.85(m, H), 1.43-1.48(t, 3H), 1.19-1.24(dd, H),0.96-1.01(t, 3H), 0.89(s, 3H), 0.88(s, 3H).

MS: 499 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 19(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Example10.

^(H)NMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): 7.19-7.30(m, 3H), 7.10-7.13(d, 2H), 6.89-6.91(d,H), 5.15-5.32(m, H), 3.60-3.73 (m, 6H), 3.44-3.46(m, 2H), 3.05-3.14(m,H), 2.70-2.78(dd, H), 2.53(s, 2H), 2.25-2.32(dd, H), 1.98-2.15(m, H),1.78-1.90(m, H), 1.27-1.32(m, H), 1.17-1.22(dd, H), 1.01-1.06(t, 3H),0.89(s, 3H), 0.87(s, 3H).

MS: 539 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 20(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-N-[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forexample 10 above but using(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acidand (S)-2-Amino-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol; compoundwith trifluoro-acetic acid.

^(H)NMR (CDCl3), (ppm): 7.19-7.36(m, 5H), 6.39-6.55(d, H), 5.30-5.44(m,1H), 3.52-3.67 (m, 6H), 3.37-3.52(m, 2H), 3.06-3.17(m, 1H), 2.98-3.06(q,2H), 2.66-2.83(dd, 1H), 2.55-2.85(dd, 2H), 2.25-2.32(dd, H),2.03-2.15(m, 1H), 1.74-1.84(m, 1H), 1.44-1.49(t, 3H), 1.25-1.59(m, 2H),0.96-1.01(t, 3H), 0.30-0.56(m, 4H).

MS: 497 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 21(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure for Example 10above.

^(H)NMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): 7.05-7.28(m, 4H), 6.85-6.87(d, 1H), 6.26-6.76(t,H), 5.27-5.34(m, 1H), 3.55-3.68 (m, 6H), 3.41-3.52(m, 2H), 3.08-3.15(m,1H), 2.96-3.08(q, 2H), 2.72-2.80(dd, H), 2.52-2.69(dd, 2H),2.29-2.35(dd, 1H), 1.99-2.19(m, 2H), 1.71-1.86(m, 1H), 1.42-1.47(t, 3H),1.22-1.30(m, 1H), 0.96-1.04(t, 3H), 0.89(s, 3H), 0.86(s, 3H).

MS: 565 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 22(S)-N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(5-methyl-thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure for Example 10above.

^(H)NMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): 7.90-7.92(d, 1H), 7.66-7.69(d, 1H), 7.46-7.58(m,2H), 6.90-6.92(d, 1H), 6.53-6.54(d, 1H), 6.35-6.36(d, 1H), 5.52-5.59(m,1H), 3.60-3.68 (m, 6H), 3.38-3.60(m, 2H), 3.07-3.20(m, 2H), 2.77-2.91(m,2H), 2.39-2.46(dd, H), 2.28(s, 3H), 1.94-2.04(m, 1H), 1.73-1.86(m, 1H),1.39-1.67(m, 2H), 0.93-0.98(t, 3H).

MS: 498 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 23(R)-N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure for Example 10above.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.92 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dt,J=7 Hz & 1 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dt, J=7 Hz & 1 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.15 (m, 5H),6.61 (d, J=7 Hz, 1 H), 5.64 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.63 (m, 4H), 3.63-3.56 (m,2H), 3.52-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.14 (m 1H), 2.80-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.51 (d, J=15Hz, 1H), 2.28 (dd, J=16 Hz & 3.5 Hz, 1H), 2.14-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.75(m, 1H), 1.60-1.37 (m, 4H), 0.98 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 0.62-0.27 (m, 4H).

MS: 532 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 24(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure for Example 10above.

^(H)NMR (CDCl₃), (ppm): 7.89-7.91(d, H), 7.64-7.67(d, H),7.43-7.64(m,2H),7.04-7.23(m 4H), 6.86-6.88(d, H), 6.256-6.74(t, H), 5.58-5.65(m, H),3.57-3.68 (m, 6H), 3.46-3.57(m, 2H), 3.11-3.17(m, H), 2.73-2.82 (dd, H),2.52-2.68(dd, 2H), 2.29-2.36(dd, H), 1.99-2.11(m, 2H), 1.76-1.86(m, H),1.42-1.54(m, 2H), 0.95-1.00(t, 3H), 0.89(s, 3H), 0.86(s, 3H). 1.34-1.10(dd, 1H).

MS: 600 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 25 2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-amide (mixture ofdiastereoisomers)

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure for Example 10above but using 2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acidand (S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-4-phenyl-butan-1-ol.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.80 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.25(m, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.20-7.12 (m, 5H), 7.12-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.92,6.69 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 5.54 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.52 (m,2H), 3.48-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.00-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.32 (m, 5H), 2.43-2.22(m, 2H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.53 (m, 3H), 1.53-1.37 (m, 1H).

MS: 518 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 264-Morpholin-4-yl-N-[1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide(mixture of diastereoisomers)

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forexample X above but using4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyric acid and(S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-4-phenyl-butan-1-ol.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 7.80 (t, J=2 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.17(m, 4H), 7.15-7.08 (m, 2H), 7.08-6.97 (m, 3H), 6.96-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.77,6.52 (d, J=7 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.60 (m, 4H), 3.60-3.53 (m,2H), 3.53-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.89-2.51 (m, 3H), 2.46-2.14 (m,2H), 2.12-1.77 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.33 (m, 1H), 1.01-0.73(m, 2H).

MS: 530 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 27(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-N-[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-4-oxo-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to the general procedure for example10 but using (S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-4-phenyl-butan-1-ol and2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid.

¹H NMR: (CDCl₃) 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.40(s, 1H), 7.30-7.05 (m, 5H), 6.70 (d,1H), 5.65-5.50 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.3(m, 8H), 3.10-2.90(m, 1H), 2.90-2.60(m,3H), 2.45-2.20(m, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.45(m, 6H), 1.35-1.00(m,5H), 1.00-0.75(m, 2H)

LCMS:RT=3.25 min. M+1=496.4.

EXAMPLE 28 (R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the general procedure for example10.

¹HNMR: (CDCl₃) 8.10 (d, 2H), 7.50-7.70 (m, 3H), 6.73 (d, 1H) 5.40 (m,1H), 3.58-3.70 (m, 6H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 2.96 (m, 1H), 2.75 (dd, 1H), 2.30(dd, 1H), 2.10 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.95(m, 2H), 1.18 (dd, 1H), 0.98(t, 3H),0.90(s, 9H).

LCMS: RT=3.20 min. M+1=471.2.

EXAMPLE 293-Phenylmethanesulfonyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-propionamide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forExample 1 above but using2-Phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-3-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxy)-propionicacid and (S)-2-amino-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-butan-1-ol.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 8.20 (d, J=7 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 7.55 (t, J=7 Hz,2H), 7.47-7.33 (m, 6H), 5.49 (m, 1H), 4.28 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.85 (m, 2H),3.81-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.19 (m, 1H),2.92 (2xdd, J=14 Hz & 6.5 Hz, 1H), 2.24-2.04 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.77 (m, 3H),1.72-1.51 (m, 2H), 0.98 (2xt, J=10 Hz & 7.5 Hz, 3H).

MS: 556 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 30(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the general procedure for example10.

LCMS: RT=3.35 min. M+1=465.

EXAMPLE 31N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-2,2-dimethyl-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyramide

It is similarly prepared according to the procedure for Example 34.

LCMS: RT=3.2 min. M+1=570.

EXAMPLE 32(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Example10 using (S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-butan-1-one; hydrochloride as theamino component and(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid asthe acidic component but without further oxidation step.

LCMS: RT=8.13 min. M+1=436. M+Na=458.

EXAMPLE 33(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to general procedure given forexample 10.

LCMS: RT=3.65 min. M+1=500

EXAMPLE 34(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

PyBOP (86 mg, 0.16 mmol), DIPEA (0.065 ml, 0.37 mmol) and2-Amino-1-benzoxazol-2-yl-butan-1-(36 mg, 0.15 mmol) were added to asolution of(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid(7a) (50 mg, 0.15 mmol) in dry methylene chloride (4 ml) and thereaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reactionwas quenched with water, the solvent remove under reduced pressure, theaqueous was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic extracts weredried over MgSO4 and evaporated under reduced pressure. Columnchromatography on silica eluting with a mixture of ethyl acetate andheptane gave(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[1-(benzoxazol-2-yl-hydroxy-methyl)-propyl]-amide as a white solid (38mg).

Dess-Martin Periodinane (15 wt % in DCM, 0.15mmol, 424 mg) was added toa solution of(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[1-(benzoxazol-2-yl-hydroxy-methyl)-propyl]-amide (0.074 mmol) in drymethylene chloride and stirred for three hours. The reaction wasquenched with Na₂S₂O₃ (0.37 mmol, 56 mg) in aqueous NaHCO₃, the organiclayer was separated, the aqueous extracted once more with methylenechloride, the organic extracts were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentratedunder reduced pressure. Column chromatography on silica eluting with amixture of ethyl acetate and methylene chloride gave the title compoundas a white solide (30 mg).

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.02 (t, 3H), 2.26-1.40 (m, 2+2+2H), 2.78-2.58 (m, 2H),3.24-3.02 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.48 (m, 8H), 5.38-5.08 (m, 1H), 5.78-5.52 (m,1H), 6.88-6.56 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.15 (m, 5H), 7.60-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.70 (m,1H), 7.94 (m, 1H);

MS 510 (M⁺). 532 (M+23).

EXAMPLE 35(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the procedure for Example 34.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.98 (t, 3H), 2.18-1.40 (m, 2+2+2+2H), 2.74-2.58 (m,2H), 3.96-2.98 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.46 (m, 8H), 5.36-5.16 (m, 1H), 5.80-5.58(m, 1H), 6.72-6.48 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.14 (m, 5H), 7.60-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.65(m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H);

LCMS: RT=3.5 & 3.4 min. M+1=524

EXAMPLE 36(R)-2-((S)-1-Methoxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the procedure for Example 34.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 0.98 (t, 3H), 2.18-1.46 (m, 2+2+2+2H), 2.74-2.52 (m,1+2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.78-3.52 (m, 8H), 4.32 (d, 1H), 5.80-5.70 (m, 1H),6.56 (d, 1H), 7.36-7.14 (m, 5H), 7.62-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.92(m, 1H);

LCMS: RT=3.37 min. M+1=536

EXAMPLE 37 2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Example10 using (S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-butan-1-one; hydrochloride as theamino component and 2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid as the acidic component but without further oxidation.

LCMS: RT=2.86 min. M+1=442

EXAMPLE 38(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Example10 using (S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-butan-1-one; hydrochloride as theamino component and(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid as the acidic component but without further oxidation.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.0 (t, 3H), 2.22-1.64 (m, 2+2+2H), 2.75-2.55 (m,2+1H), 3.75-3.45 (m, 8H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 4.98-4.64 (b, 1H), 5.55-5.45 (m,1H), 6.98-6.72 (m, 1H), 734-7.15 (m, 5H), 7.38 (d, 1H), 7.84 (d, 1H).

MS: 458 (M⁺).

EXAMPLE 39(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2-((S)-1-hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide

It is similarly prepared according to the general procedure for Example10 using (S)-2-Amino-1-oxazol-2-yl-butan-1-one; hydrochloride as theamino component and(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-2-((S)-1-hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid as the acidic component but without further oxidation step.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 1.2 (t, 3H), 2.22-1.164 (m, 2+2+2H), 2.75-2.55 (m,2+1H), 3.75-3.45 (m, 8H), 4.38-4.10 (b, 1H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 5.55-5.45 (m,1H), 6.80-6.28 (t, 1H), 7.08-6.70 (m, 1H), 726-7.10 (m, 4H), 7.38 (d,1H), 7.85 (d, 1H).

MS: 524 (M⁺).

EXAMPLE 402-(1-Methyl-cyclopentylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-N-[1-(oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-oxo-butyramide

2-(1-Methyl-cyclopentylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyric acid (100mg, 0.35 mmol) was combined with EDC (250 mg, 1.3 mmol), HOBt (250 mg,1.6 mmol), and (2S)-2-amino-1-oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl-butan-1-ol (100mg, 0.48 mmol). Dichloromethane (4 mL) was added and then4-methylmorpholine (0.5 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 2 hours. After dilution with ethyl acetate (150 mL), thesolution was washed with 1N aqueous HCl, water, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃solution and brine, dried with MgSO₄ and evaporated under vacuum. Thecrude product was dissolved in dry dichloromethane (10 mL) andDess-Martin Periodinane (500 mg, 1.2 mmol) was added. After stirring atambient temperature for 1 hour, the mixture was diluted with ethylacetate (150 mL) and treated with 0.26M Na₂S₂O₃ solution in saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃. The organic phase was washed with saturated aqueousNaHCO₃ and brine, dried with MgSO₄ and evaporated. The product waspurified by flash chromatography on silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate1:1) to yield the title compound (40 mg; 0.085 mmol) as a mixture ofdiastereomers.

LC-MS: elution time diastereomer 1=3.90 min. 469.6(M−1), 471.4(M+1).

Elution time diastereomer 2=3.97 min. 469.6(M−1), 471.4(M+1).

(MS: API 150EX. LC: HP Agilent 1100 Series. Column: Phenomenex, 5u ODS3100A 100×3 mm.; Flow Rate: 2 ml/min. Two solvent gradient: Solvent A,99% water, 1% acetonitrile, 0.1% AcOH. Solvent B, 99% acetonitrile, 1%water, 0.1% AcOH. Gradient from 100% A, 0% B to 0% A, 100% B from t=0 tot=6 min. Then gradient back to 100% A, 0% B from t=7 to t=15 min.)

EXAMPLE 41(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid (pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide

The synthesis was performed in analogy to Harbeson, S. L. et al. J. Med.Chem. 1994, 37, 2918-2929.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.5-8.4(m, 2H), 7.5-7.0 (m, 9H), 5.05 (m, 1H), 4.6-4.0(m, 4H), 3.7-3.1(m, 7H), 2.9-2.5(m, 2H), 2.1-1.9(m, 2H), 1.8-1.5(m, 2H),1.3-1.0(m, 2H), 1.0-0.8(m, 3H).

MS: 559 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 42(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid diethylamide

The synthesis was performed in analogy to Harbeson, S. L. et al. J. Med.Chem. 1994, 37, 2918-2929.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.37-7.19(m, 6H), 4.7-4.59 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.1 (m, 2H),3.6-3.05 (m, 13H), 2.96-2.55 (m, 3H), 1.8-1.7 (m, 2H), 1.3-0.8 (m, 10H).

MS: 525 (MH⁺), 546 (M+Na).

EXAMPLE 43N-((S)-1-Ethyl-2,3-dioxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyramide

The synthesis was performed in analogy to Harbeson, S. L. et al. J. Med.Chem. 1994, 37, 2918-2929.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.2-7.0 (m, 6H), 4.7 (m, 1H), 4.2 (m, 2H), 3.6-3.2 (m,10H), 2.95 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.6 (m, 2H), 2.0-1.3 (m, 7H), 1.3-1.1 (m, 3H),1.0-0.8 (m, 3H).

MS: 522 (MH⁺), 544 (M+Na).

EXAMPLE 44(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid phenethyl-amide

The synthesis was performed in analogy to Harbeson, S. L. et al. J. Med.Chem. 1994, 37, 2918-2929.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.4-6.8 (m, 12H), 5.15 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.15 (m, 2H),3.6-3.2 (m, 12H), 2.94-2.5 (m, 5H), 2.0-1.8 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.55 (m, 1H),0.90-0.8 (m, 3H).

MS: 572, 596.

EXAMPLE 45(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid (2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amide

The synthesis was performed in analogy to Harbeson, S. L. et al. J. Med.Chem. 1994, 37, 2918-2929.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 8.51 (m, 1H), 7.86 (m, 1H), 7.5 (m, 1H), 7.4-7.1 (m,7H), 5.2 (m, 1H), 4.3-4.2 (m, 3H), 3.8-3.3 (m, 9H), 3.1-2.6 (m, 4H), 2.0(m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.3-1.1 (m, 2H), 0.90 (m, 3H).

MS: 573 (MH⁺).

EXAMPLE 46 Cathepsin S Assay

Solutions of test compounds in varying concentrations were prepared in10 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then diluted into assay buffer(40 μL, comprising: MES, 50 mM (pH 6.5); EDTA, 2.5 mM; and NaCl, 100mM). Human cathepsin S (0.158 pMoles in 25 μL of assay buffer) was addedto the dilutions. The assay solutions were mixed for 5-10 seconds on ashaker plate, covered and incubated for 30 minutes at ambienttemperature. Z-Val-Val-Arg-AMC (9 nMoles in 25 μL of assay buffer) wasadded to the assay solutions and hydrolysis was followedspectrophotometrically at (λ 460 nm) for 5 minutes. Apparent inhibitionconstants (K_(i)) were calculated from the enzyme progress curves usingstandard mathematical models. Based on essays carried out by Applicants,the following compounds showed a K_(i) value below 100 nM:2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-amide (mixture ofdiastereoisomers),4-Morpholin-4-yl-N-[1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide(mixture of diastereoisomers),(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-N-[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-amide,(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide, and(R)-2-((S)-1-Methoxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide.

EXAMPLE 47 Cathepsin B Assay

Solutions of test compounds in varying concentrations were prepared in10 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then diluted into assay buffer(40 μL, comprising: N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid(BES), 50 mM (pH 6); polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate, 0.05%; anddithiothreitol (DTT), 2.5 mM). Human cathepsin B (0.025 pMoles in 25 μLof assay buffer) was added to the dilutions. The assay solutions weremixed for 5-10 seconds on a shaker plate, covered and incubated for 30minutes at ambient temperature. Z-FR-AMC (20 nMoles in 25 μL of assaybuffer) was added to the assay solutions and hydrolysis was followedspectrophotometrically at (λ 460 nm) for 5 minutes. Apparent inhibitionconstants (K_(i)) were calculated from the enzyme progress curves usingstandard mathematical models.

EXAMPLE 48 Cathepsin K Assay

Solutions of test compounds in varying concentrations were prepared in10 VL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then diluted into assay buffer(40 μL, comprising: MES, 50 mM (pH 5.5); EDTA, 2.5 mM; and DTT, 2.5 mM).Human cathepsin K (0.0906 pMoles in 25 μL of assay buffer) was added tothe dilutions. The assay solutions were mixed for 5-10 seconds on ashaker plate, covered and incubated for 30 minutes at ambienttemperature. Z-Phe-Arg-AMC (4 nMoles in 25 μL of assay buffer) was addedto the assay solutions and hydrolysis was followedspectrophotometrically at (λ 460 nm) for 5 minutes. Apparent inhibitionconstants (K_(i)) were calculated from the enzyme progress curves usingstandard mathematical models.

EXAMPLE 49 Cathepsin L Assay

Solutions of test compounds in varying concentrations were prepared in10 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then diluted into assay buffer(40 μL, comprising: MES, 50 mM (pH 5.5); EDTA, 2.5 mM; and DTT, 2.5 mM).Human cathepsin L (0.05 pMoles in 25 μL of assay buffer) was added tothe dilutions. The assay solutions were mixed for 5-10 seconds on ashaker plate, covered and incubated for 30 minutes at ambienttemperature. Z-Phe-Arg-AMC (1 nMoles in 25 μL of assay buffer) was addedto the assay solutions and hydrolysis was followedspectrophotometrically at (λ 460 nm) for 5 minutes. Apparent inhibitionconstants (K_(i)) were calculated from the enzyme progress curves usingstandard mathematical models.

EXAMPLE 50

Representative Pharmaceutical Formulations Containing a Compound ofFormula I, II or III:

Oral Formulation

Compound of Formula I, II or III 10-100 mg Citric Acid Monohydrate 105mg Sodium Hydroxide 18 mg Flavoring Water q.s. to 100 mL

Intravenous Formulation

Compound of Formula I, II or III 0.1-10 mg Dextrose Monohydrate q.s. tomake isotonic Citric Acid Monohydrate 1.05 mg Sodium Hydroxide 0.18 mgWater for Injection q.s. to 1.0 mL

Tablet Formulation

Compound of Formula I, II or III 1% Microcrystalline Cellulose 73%Stearic Acid 25% Colloidal Silica 1%.

While there have been described and pointed out fundamental novelfeatures of the invention as applied to a preferred embodiment thereof,it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions andchanges, in the form and details of the composition and methodsillustrated, may be made by those skilled in the art without departingfrom the spirit of the invention. For example, it is expressly intendedthat chemcial radical substitutions and/or method steps which performsubstantially the same function in substantially the same way to achievethe same results are within the scope of the invention.

The invention is not limited by the embodiments described above whichare presented as examples only but can be modified in various wayswithin the scope of protection defined by the appended patent claims.

1. A compound or a related chemical entity of the compound, having abackbone structure of a formula selected from the group consisting ofFormulae I and II:

wherein X², X³, X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ are general substituents.
 2. A compound ofclaim 1 or a related chemical entity of a compound of claim 1, having abackbone structure of Formula I:

wherein X², X³, X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ are general substituents.
 3. A compound ofclaim 1 or a related chemical entity of a compound of claim 1, having abackbone structure of Formula II:

wherein X² and X⁵ are general substituents.
 4. A compound or a relatedchemical entity of the compound, having a backbone structure of FormulaIII:

wherein A¹ is —O—, —N(R)— or —SO₂—; A² is —H, —F, —OH, or —O—R; A³ iscyano or —C(O)—X³; and X², X³, X⁴, X⁷and R are general substituents. 5.A compound of claim 1 or a related chemical entity of a compound ofclaim 1, wherein X², X³, X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ are popular substituents.
 6. Acompound of claim 2 or a related chemical entity of a compound of claim2, wherein X², X³, X⁴, X⁷ and R are popular substituents.
 7. A compoundof claim 1, wherein: X² is a substituted alkyl motif or a sulfonyl alkylmotif; X³ is a heterocyclic motif or an amide motif; X⁴ and X⁷ areindependently —H, —R or

or X⁴ and X⁷ taken together with the carbon atom to which both X⁴ and X⁷are attached form a 3-6 membered cycloalkyl group; X⁵ is —H, —F, —OH or—O—R; and R is an alkyl group with straight or branched-chain containing1-6 carbon atoms.
 8. A compound of claim 4, wherein: X² is a substitutedalkyl motif or a sulfonyl alkyl motif; X³ is a heterocyclic motif or anamide motif; X⁴ and X⁷ are independently —H, —R or

X⁴ and X⁷ taken together with the carbon atom to which both X⁴ and X⁷are attached form a 3-6 membered cycloalkyl group; and R is an alkylgroup with straight or branched-chain containing 1-6 carbon atoms.
 9. Acompound of claim 7, wherein X³ is a heterocyclic motif
 10. A compoundof claim 8, wherein A³ is —C(O)—X³ and X³ is a heterocyclic motif.
 11. Acompound of claim 7, wherein X³ is an amide motif.
 12. A compound ofclaim 8, wherein A³ is —C(O)—X³ and X³ is an amide motif.
 13. A compoundof claim 7, wherein X⁷ is —H, X⁴ is an alkyl group with straight orbranched-chain containing 1-4 carbon atoms or

and X⁵ is —H or —F.
 14. A cmpound of claim 13, wherein X⁵ is —H.
 15. Acompound of claim 14, wherein X⁴ is —CH₂CH₃, —CH₂CH₂CH₃—(CH₃)₃ or


16. A compound of claim 1, having a backbone structure of Formula I,wherein X² is a substituted alkyl motif or a sulfonyl alkyl motif, X³ isa heterocyclic motif or an amide motif, X⁴ is —CH₂CH₃,—CH₂CH₂CH₃—C(CH₃)₃ or

X⁵ and X⁷ are —H.
 17. A related chemical entity of a compound of claim16.
 18. A compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of:2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(5-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyramide,(R)-4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid[(S)-1-(5-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-N-[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(S)-N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(5-methyl-thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-5-(2-Difluoromethoxy-phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-amide (mixture ofdiastereoisomers),4-Morpholin-4-yl-N-[1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl)-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide(mixture of diastereoisomers),(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-N-[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl-amide,3-Phenylmethanesulfonyl-N-[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-2-(tetrahydro-pyran-4-yloxymethyl)-propionamide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(5-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-amide,(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-2-((S)-1-Methoxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-N-[(S)-1-(3-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-2-(2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-2-Cyclopropylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-2-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-N-[(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-5-Cyclopropyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-N-[(S)-1-(3-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-2-(1-isobutyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,R)-2-(1-Cyclopropylmethyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-N-[(S)-1-(3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-N-[(S)-1-(3-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-2-(2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-2-Cyclopropylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[(S)-1-(3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(S)-2-(2-Benzenesulfonyl-ethyl)-N-[(S)-1-(3-ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,(S)-N-[(S)-1-(3-Ethyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-[2-(propane-2-sulfonyl)-ethyl]-butyramide,2-(1-Methyl-cyclopentylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-N-[1-(oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridine-2-carbonyl)-propyl]-4-oxo-butyramide,(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid (pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-amide,(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid diethylamide,N-((S)-1-Ethyl-2,3-dioxo-3-pyrrolidin-1-yl-propyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyramide,(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid phenethyl-amide, and(S)-3-(4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-butyrylamino)-2-oxo-pentanoicacid (2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-amide.
 19. A compound of claim 1 selectedfrom the group consisting of:2-(2-Methyl-propane-1-sulfonylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-N-[(S)-1-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,(R)-4-Morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-phenylmethanesulfonylmethyl-N-[1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-2-(1-benzyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-butyramide,N-[(S)-1-(Benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-4-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-pentanoic acid[1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,(R)-4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [1-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-carbonyl)-propyl]-amide,4,4-Dimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,2-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-amide (mixture ofdiastereoisomers),4-Morpholin-4-yl-N-[1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-4-oxo-2-(2-phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-butyramide(mixture of diastereoisomers),(R)-2-Cyclohexylmethyl-4-morpholin-4-yl-N-[(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-4-oxo-butyramide,(R)-4,4,6-Trimethyl-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-heptanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide,(R)-2-((S)-1-Hydroxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(oxazole-2-carbonyl)-3-phenyl-propyl]-amide,(S)-2-(1-Fluoro-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoic acid[(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide, and(R)-2-((S)-1-Methoxy-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethyl)-5-phenyl-pentanoicacid [(S)-1-(benzoxazole-2-carbonyl)-butyl]-amide.
 20. A relatedchemical entity of a compound of claim
 18. 21. A related chemical entityof a compound of claim
 19. 22. A method of synthesizing a compound offormula Y:

where Ry is benzyl, iso-butyl or cyclopropylmethyl, comprising the stepsof (a) reacting

with

to afford

and then (b) reacting the

with

to afford a compound of formula Y.
 23. A pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1or a related chemcial entity of a compound of claim 1, in combinationwith a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 24. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compoundof claim 4 or a related chemcial entity of a compound of claim 4, incombination with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
 25. Apharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amountof a compound of claim 16 in combination with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable excipient.
 26. A method for treating a disease in an animalin which inhibition of Cathepsin S can prevent, inhibit or amelioratethe pathology and/or symptomology of the disease, which method comprisesadministering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of claim 1 or a related chemical entity of a compound ofclaim
 1. 27. A method for treating a disease in an animal in whichinhibition of Cathepsin S can prevent, inhibit or ameliorate thepathology and/or symptomology of the disease, which method comprisesadministering to the animal a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of claim 4 or a related chemical entity of a compound of claim4.